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L'emploi complémentaire en milieu rural péruvien : la richesse des pauvres ?

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  • Pascale Phélinas

Abstract

[eng] Nonfarmand off farm employment in rural peru: the wealth of the poor ? - This article analyzes the structure of non-farm and off-farm employment in rural Peru and its impact on the level and structure of farm households' income. Data used come from a field survey encompassing 300 farm households distributed among three provinces of Peru located in varied natural and economic environment. It is shown that agriculture has a weak labour absorption capacity and that non- farm and off- farm employment represent a significant share of the workers' total productive time as well as the farm households' income. Non-farm and off- farm employment have an overall negative impact on the distribution of income because the lowest paid jobs are occupied by the workers belonging to the poorest groups. Non-farm and off-farm jobs tend to strengthen the regional income disparities because they are more widespread in accessible rural areas well endowed in basic public infrastructure. These jobs however contribute to improve the standard of living of the poorest, even modestly. [fre] Cet article analyse la structure de l'emploi complémentaire en milieu rural péruvien et son impact sur le niveau et la composition du revenu des exploitations agropastorales. Les données utilisées proviennent d'une enquête de terrain menée auprès de 300 exploitations dans trois provinces du Pérou caractérisées par des environnements naturels et économiques variés. On montre que l'agriculture a une faible capacité d'absorption de la main-d'œuvre et que les emplois complémentaires représentent une part importante du temps productif des travailleurs et génèrent une fraction substantielle du revenu des unités agropastorales. Ces emplois ont un impact négatif sur la distribution des revenus car les postes les moins bien rétribués sont occupés par les actifs appartenant aux groupes les plus démunis. Les emplois complémentaires ont en outre tendance à renforcer les disparités régionales de revenu car ils sont occupés par les individus qui vivent dans les zones rurales accessibles et bien dotées en infrastructures de communication. Ces emplois contribuent toutefois à l'amélioration du niveau de vie des plus pauvres, même modestement.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascale Phélinas, 2004. "L'emploi complémentaire en milieu rural péruvien : la richesse des pauvres ?," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 282(1), pages 40-58.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_2004_num_282_1_5493
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.2004.5493
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.2004.5493
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