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Le rôle des paiements directs dans la réforme des politiques agricoles

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  • Luis Portugal

Abstract

[eng] The role of direct pa yments in agricultural policy reform . Since 1992, price support and other subsidies to agricultural production have cost consumers and taxpayers in OECD countries about US$350 billion a year. These subsidies, moreover, have distorted trade patterns and heightened tensions and conflicts between countries. In 1987, OECD countries committed themselves to reducing total support and to moving from output related subsidies to other policy measures, such as direct payments, which let producers and consumers react to market signals. The main advantage of direct payments is that they can be designed to be less economically distorting while improving support transparency and efficiency. They can be better targeted to farmers whose situations are deemed to warrant such payments. They stand in contrast with market price support measures and other production linked measures of support, which mainly benefit the largest producers who may not warrant such support. [fre] Depuis 1992, le soutien des prix et autres subventions à la production agricole coûtent aux consommateurs et aux contribuables des pays de l'ocde environ 350 milliards de dollars par an. De plus, ce soutien fausse la structure des échanges et accentue les tensions et les conflits entre les pays. En 1987, les pays de l'ocde se sont engagés à réduire le niveau global de l'aide et à utiliser non plus des subventions liées à la production, mais d'autres mesures, dont les paiements directs, laissant les producteurs et les consommateurs réagir aux signaux du marché. Le principal avantage des paiements directs est la possibilité de les concevoir de façon à engendrer moins de distorsions économiques et à améliorer la transparence et l'efficacité de l'aide. Ils permettent de fournir un meilleur ciblage de l'aide sur les agriculteurs dont la situation est considérée comme justifiant une telle aide. Au contraire, les mesures de soutien des prix du marché et d'autres mesures de soutien liées à la production avantagent surtout les grands producteurs qui peuvent ne pas justifier un tel soutien.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Portugal, 1996. "Le rôle des paiements directs dans la réforme des politiques agricoles," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 233(1), pages 14-17.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_233_1_4788
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1996.4788
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1996.4788
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