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Mécanisation, productivité du travail et risques : le cas du Burkina Faso

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  • Guy Faure

Abstract

[fre] Dans la zone ouest du Burkina Faso, la mécanisation se développe et engendre une augmentation de la production cotonnière et vivrière, principalement par augmentation des surfaces. Elle s'accompagne d'une augmentation de la charge en travail au sein des exploitations, en particulier lors des récoltes mais permet un accroissement notable des revenus monétaires par unité de production, en petite traction animale et surtout en grosse traction animale ou en culture motorisée. Si le revenu monétaire par personne augmente sensiblement quand le paysan accède à la traction animale, il ne progresse que modestement quand il acquiert un tracteur. D'autre part, l'importance du risque économique n'incite pas les paysans à investir et rend bien plus vulnérables ceux qui ont fortement développé leurs échanges marchands. Un tel contexte favorise des stratégies ex- tensives et contribue au développement de culture sécurisée comme le coton. Par contre, la diversification des ressources monétaires par le développement d'activités non agricoles reste modeste. Il en est de même pour l'épargne qui fait partie intégrante d'une stratégie anti-risque. [eng] In western Burkina Faso there is an extension of mechanised farms. This evolution generates an increase in cotton and food productions mainly because of an extension or cultivated areas. At the same time the burden of work goes up especially during harvesting. Such a technology allowed a rise in monetary incomes per farm for small animal traction farms an particulaly for large animal traction farms and motorized farms. The monetary incomes per person largely increase when farmers get animal traction but they increase just a little when farmers buy a tractor. The naturals risks and the economic risks are high and impede the farmers from investing. Farmers who develop monetary exchanges are especially exposed to these risks. Such a context encourage extensive strategies and contribute to the development of securised crops like cotton. The non-agricultural activities development which is able to promote a monetary resources diversification remains low. Saving which really belongs to an anti-risks strategy is not very developed.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Faure, 1994. "Mécanisation, productivité du travail et risques : le cas du Burkina Faso," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 219(1), pages 3-11.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1994_num_219_1_4585
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1994.4585
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1994.4585
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    1. Michel Griffon, 2000. "Les pays en développement et l'économie internationale dans la revue Economie rurale de 1949 à 1999," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 255(1), pages 169-184.

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