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Biodiversité et territoires agricoles

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  • Jean-Claude Lefeuvre

Abstract

[fre] Le concept de biodiversité englobe aussi bien la diversité spécifique que la diversité génétique ou la diversité des écosystèmes. Globalement, depuis le début du XXe siècle, les activités humaines ont eu pour résultat une baisse de la biodiversité de la planète. Les arguments pour préserver cette dernière sont multiples, à la fois d'ordre philosophique, éthique, scientifique et économique. Les activités agricoles sont-elles compatibles avec le maintien de la biodiversité ? Dans la réalité, les liens entre agriculture et biodiversité sont complexes. Dans certains cas, l'aménagement des espaces agricoles peut conduire à un renforcement de celle-ci. La préservation de la biodiversité, gage d'un bon fonctionnement de la biosphère, n'est pas incompatible avec le développement d'une agriculture performante : celle-ci doit intégrer les progrès réalisés dans le domaine de la lutte biologique, du génie génétique et de la fertilisation raisonnée. De plus, l'espace doit être réorganisé et géré en tenant compte des avancées réalisées en écologie du paysage, qui ont mis en lumière l'importance des systèmes écologiques en réseau et les interactions entre les espaces voués à la productivité agricole et les espaces « réservoirs d'espèces ». [eng] Biodiversity in agricultural landscape . The concept of biodiversity covers specific diversity as well as genetic diversity or diversity of ecosystems. Since the beginning of the 20th century, man's activities have resulted in decreasing planet biodiversity. The arguments favoring preservation of biodiversity are many : philosophic, ethic, scientific and economic. Are agricultural activities compatible with the maintenance of biodiversity ? The ties between the two are complex. In certain cases, development of agricultural areas can actually tead to reinforcement of biodiversity. Maintaining biodiversity (the gage of a well functionning biosphere) is not incompatible with the development of performant agriculture ; but the latter must integrate progress made in the fields of biological pest control, genetics and wise fertilization. Moreover, the areas must be organized and managed in view of advances in landscape ecology, which have brought light to the importance of ecological networks and interactions between agriculturally productive areas and areas considered to form « species reservoirs ».

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Claude Lefeuvre, 1992. "Biodiversité et territoires agricoles," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 208(1), pages 79-84.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1992_num_208_1_4458
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1992.4458
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1992.4458
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    1. World Commission on Environment and Development,, 1987. "Our Common Future," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780192820808, Decembrie.
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