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Gestion de l'entreprise agricole : perspectives et nouveaux enjeux

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  • Jean-Claude Tirel

Abstract

[fre] Les tendances nouvelles de la politique agricole nécessitent un renforcement de la fonction de gestion des exploitations. Baisse des prix et réduction des marges imposent une révision des modes de production au niveau des unités techniques (parcelle, animal) et au niveau de l'exploitation (choix des investissements, organisation du travail). Le résultat devenant plus aléatoire, l'évaluation des risques se révèle plus stratégique. La maîtrise de l'offre (quota, jachère, extensification) induit des approches nouvelles de la gestion des systèmes de production. Produire pour vendre suppose de modifier certains processus de décision. La situation démographique de l'agriculture offre de réelles possibilités d'agrandissement des exploitations, mais l'importance prise par le capital dans la production rend plus difficile l'établissement du plan de financement. Les agriculteurs ont perdu leurs repères et les chercheurs ne sont pas en mesure de leur en fournir de nouveaux ! Les institutions de Développement n'ayant pas les moyens d'aider chacun, dans son propre contexte, il est nécessaire de donner la priorité à l'enseignement et à la formation des exploitants et de mettre à leur disposition des outils d'aide à la décision, fiables et pratiques. [eng] The new trends of agricultural policy claim for a strenghtening of the farm management function. Declining prices and reduced gross margins enforce a re-appraisal of past production methods at technical unit level (plot or animal), but also at farm level (type of investment, labor management). As economical result becomes more uncertain, risk estimation becomes strategic. Supply control at individual level (quota, set aside of land, extensive farming) is a rather new approach of agricultural system management. To produce for market implies changes in the farmer's decision-making process. The situation of agricultural population offers good chances for enlarging the size of farms, but capital-intensive farming increases the difficulty of investment planning. Farmers have no longer landmarks, and research workers are not ready to supply new ones ! The advisory services cannot help each producer in any specific situation. So, it's necessary to give priority to education and training for farmers, and to give them good and comfortable tools for decision-making.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Claude Tirel, 1991. "Gestion de l'entreprise agricole : perspectives et nouveaux enjeux," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 206(1), pages 18-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_206_1_4232
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1991.4232
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1991.4232
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