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Relation alimentation-nutrition-santé dans les pays en voie de développement

Author

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  • Henri Bour

Abstract

[fre] L'auteur commence par rappeler l'existence de pathologies semblables dans des pays à mode de vie comparable et le fait que les pathologies évoluent en même temps que se transforment les types de développement des sociétés. Il fait le bilan de la situation actuelle de l'état de santé et des pathologies dans les pays en développement dont les trente sept pays les plus pauvres. Ce bilan fait apparaître la grande prévalence des états de sous-nutrition et de malnutrition protéino-énergétiques. Alors que dans les années 1965-75, prédominait largement la carence relative en protéines, la dernière décennie a vu se développer un plus grand nombre de cas d'insuffisance globale d'aliments se traduisant par le marasme. Ainsi, malgré les progrès faits en production agricole dans les PVD, la situation nutritionnelle et la pathologie de l'alimentation se sont aggravées, surtout depuis 1974, en particulier du fait que la croissance de la population a été plus rapide que celle de la production agricole et agro-industrielle. A côté des carences en macro-nutriments, sont passées en revue certaines carences spécifiques en micro-nutriments ; trois sont essentielles par leur étendue et leur gravité : la carence en fer, la carence en iode, la carence en vitamine A et équivalents, alors que les moyens existent pour les enrayer. [eng] First, the author recalls that similar pathologies usually exist in countries having comparable ways-of-life, and that pathologies change at the same time as types of development change inside societies. He assesses the present situation of health conditions and pathologies in developing countries, 37 of them being the poorest in the world. This assessment shows that proteinic and energetic undemutrition and malnutrition are largely prevailing. While proteinic deficiency was largely predominant during the period 1965-75, a greater number of global food shortages appeared during the last decade, being translated into marasmus. So, in spite of the progress of agricultural production in developing countries, their nutrional situation and their food pathology have got worse, especially from 1974, principally because population growth has been faster than agricultural and industrial growth. In addition to these macro-nutrients deficiencies, some specific micro-nutrients ones are reviewed ; three among them are conspicuous because of their spread and seriousness : the deficiency in iron, the deficiency in iodine, the deficiency in vitamin A and equivalents, whereas the devices to check them do exist.

Suggested Citation

  • Henri Bour, 1988. "Relation alimentation-nutrition-santé dans les pays en voie de développement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 188(1), pages 17-20.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1988_num_188_1_3936
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1988.3936
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1988.3936
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