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L'impact du soja sur le marché des oléagineux : le cas portugais

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  • Nelly Jazra

Abstract

[eng] In Portugal, the animal feed industry began to use soybean during the sixties. A crushing capacity was created in 1975, expanding rapidly and exporting soybean oij and cake. Expansion in this sector which originated in Spain and secured its place on the world market, had lead to the development of an important equipment industry. . The use of soybean oil was delayed in Portugal because of the resistance of olive oil and colonial oilseed interests. But the soybean oil entered the competition and has remplaced the traditional sources. This evolution increased the dependancy and created a new external articulation where the United States has the major position. The introduction of soybean is no longer questioned to day because it has induced the growth of the animal feed industry and given raw material to fish conserveries and margarine industry. Internal intervention mechanisms (exchange control, foreign transfers...) have distorted the price formation and the liberalization of imports has not reached its objective. Reforms are necessary in order to obtain better competitivness, especially for the entry in the European Economic Community. [fre] Au Portugal dans les années 60, les industries d'aliments du bétail commencent à utiliser les tourteaux de soja. Vers 1975, une industrie de trituration s'installe, se développe très rapidement et devient même exportatrice d'huile et de tourteaux. L'expansion de cette industrie qui a démarré en Espagne, ce qui lui a assuré sa place sur le marché mondial, a entraîné le développement d'une importante industrie de biens d'équipement. . L'utilisation d'huile de soja a été retardée au Portugal dans le souci de ménager certains intérêts liés à l'huile d'olive locale et aux oléagineux d'origine coloniale. Mais l'huile de soja finit par se substituer en grande partie aux oléagineux traditionnels. Cette évolution élargit la dépendance alimentaire et crée une nouvelle articulation externe où se manifestent les relations avec les Etats-Unis, premier partenaire du Portugal pour l'achat de denrées alimentaires. L'implantation du soja n'est guère remise en question aujourd'hui car elle a permis l'expansion des industries d'aliments du bétail et a fourni des matières premières aux conserveries de poissons et aux fabriques de margarine. Les mécanismes internes d'intervention (contrôle des changes, transferts vers l'étranger...) ont détourné le système des prix de son objectif initial. La libéralisation des importations n'a pas encore obtenu le résultat recherché. De nouvelles réformes (certaines sont en cours) s'annoncent nécessaires pour assurer la compétitivité du secteur, en particulier dans la conjoncture actuelle d'entrée dans la CEE.

Suggested Citation

  • Nelly Jazra, 1985. "L'impact du soja sur le marché des oléagineux : le cas portugais," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 170(1), pages 21-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1985_num_170_1_3201
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1985.3201
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1985.3201
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    1. J.-P. Berlan & J.-P. Bertrand & L. Lebas & M. Marlone, 1976. "Les conditions de la concurrence internationale entre soja, arachide et colza," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 116(1), pages 10-22.
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