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Les jeunes agriculteurs des années 1960 et les lois d'orientation et complémentaire

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  • H. Buchou

Abstract

[eng] Young farmers in the 60's and the Agriculture Acts - During the 1950's a new generation of young farmers was active in attempting to «r build a more human world ». They accepted the idea of the necessary and inevitable decrease in the number of farmers, but they wanted farmers to be in control of the land and of their production, and to have responsibilities, for they were above all afraid of being wage-earners. Their desire was to have a hand in political decisions, and when taking part in union activities, they would have liked industrial trades unionists to follow a similar path but industrial trades unionism always refused workers' participation in economic policy-making. . By a lucky chance, there was on the one hand a young farmers movement that had a new idea of economic policy and on the other, from 1958, a new political team in power, anxious to see farming brought up to date. This led to the Agriculture Acts. . But these acts are also marked by other schools of thought and other professional organizations. Consequently the texts disappointed the young farmers' hopes particularly as far as land tenure was concerned. Subsequently many other clauses in the act were not applied or were gradually modified both concerning land tenure and the disposal of production. In the end it is probably the IVD that has had the greatest effect. . Those who were young farmers at the time feel they have served the public interest by enabling France to become a great industrial country as well as a great agricultural country. But, for their humanistic conception of labour to be adopted not onTy in the farming community but also in non-agricultural activities - to give them peace of mind a political evolution that the balance of power in our society has prevented would have been necessary. The political parties were too old fashioned. Only the founder of the Fifth Republic facilitated the integration of the rural world in political and economic life. [fre] Au cours des années 1950-1960, une nouvelle génération de jeunes agriculteurs se mobilisèrent pour « bâtir un monde plus humain ». Ils acceptaient l'idée de la diminution nécessaire et inéluctable du nombre d'agriculteurs. Mais ils voulaient que les agriculteurs aient la maîtrise du sol et de leur produit, et qu'ils exercent des responsabilités dans leur travail. Car leur hantise était la condition salariale. Ils voulaient ardemment intervenir sur les décisions politiques. Leur souhait, en se lançant dans le syndicalisme agricole, eût été que les syndicalistes de l'industrie suivent une voie parallèle mais, à la différence du leur, ce dernier s'est refusé à faire participer les travailleurs à l'orientation de l'économie. . Le hasard fit bien les choses. Il y avait d'un côté un mouvement de jeunes agriculteurs qui avaient conçu une nouvelle politique agricole et de l'autre, à partir de 1958, de nouvelles équipes politiques soucieuses de voir l'agriculture épouser son siècle. De leur rencontre naquirent les lois d'orientation et complémentaire. . Mais on y trouve aussi la marque d'autres courants de pensée et d'autres organisations professionnelles. Ainsi les textes furent un retrait des aspirations des jeunes agriculteurs, notamment dans le domaine foncier. Par la suite d'ailleurs de nombreuses dispositions inscrites dans la loi sont restées sans suite ou furent rognées non seulement dans le domaine foncier mais aussi dans celui de l'écoulement des produits agricoles. Pour finir, c'est peut-être l'indemnité viagère de départ qui aura produit le plus d'effets. . Les jeunes agriculteurs de l'époque ont conscience d'avoir servi l'intérêt général en aidant la France à devenir un grand pays industriel, en plus d'un grand pays agricole. Mais pour que leur conception humaniste du travail non seulement imprègne la vie agricole mais régisse aussi les activités non agricoles, de telle sorte qu'ils aient enfin l'esprit en repos, il aurait fallu des évolutions politiques que les rapports de force dans notre société ont empêchées. Les partis politiques étaient trop sclérosés ; seul le fondateur de la Veme République a facilité l'insertion du monde rural dans le monde économique et politique.

Suggested Citation

  • H. Buchou, 1975. "Les jeunes agriculteurs des années 1960 et les lois d'orientation et complémentaire," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 108(1), pages 31-37.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2371
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1975.2371
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1975.2371
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