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Analyse critique des lois d'orientation

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  • G. Cotton

Abstract

[eng] A critical analysis of the 1960 and 1962 Agriculture Acts - The 1960 and 1962 Agriculture Acts did at least define a global agricultural policy, but were not thorough-going enough. . The Government at the time, by choosing the family-type farm, intended to promote a policy of employment in agriculture, but the means of implementing this policy (SAFER, the refusal to allow one farmer to acquire more than a stipulated acrage, IVD) were inadequate. The principle of selectivity on which the acts were based was a foretaste of the new orientations of the European social structure policy (development plans) and regional selectivity, that at first seemed incoherent, heralded the various forms of aid to rural modernisation and to mountain areas. At the time the real extent of the problems posed by non-agricultural country planning had not been realized. Similarly the too analytical conception of agricultural policy and its implementation was an obstacle to its efficiency, in spite of later attempts to make this policy more global. Finally the Agriculture Acts have proved to be inadequate as far as land policy in concerned since the problem of financing land purchase has been evaded. [fre] Les lois d'Orientation agricole ont eu le mérite de définir une politique agricole d'ensemble. Mais la cohérence du dispositif mis en oeuvre a été défectueuse. . Le législateur de l'époque, en optant pour le modèle économique de 'l'exploitation de type familial, a entendu promouvoir une politique de l'emploi agricole, mais les instruments de cette politique (SAFER, réglementation des cumuls, IVD) ont péché par certaines insuffisances. Le principe de sélectivité qui est à la base des lois d'Orientation a préfiguré les orientations nouvelles de la politique européenne socio-structurelle (plans de développement), de même que la sélectivité régionale, au départ peu cohérente, a annoncé les aides à la rénovation rurale et à l'économie montagnarde. Quant aux problèmes posés par l'aménagement du territoire non agricole, ils n'avaient pas été, à l'époque, perçus dans toute leur ampleur. De même, la conception trop analytique de 'la politique agricole et de sa mise en uvre a nui assez gravement à son efficacité, malgré les expériences de globalisation menées par la suite. Enfin les lois d'Orientation se sont révélées insuffisantes en matière de politique foncière, le grave problème du financement du foncier ayant été éludé.

Suggested Citation

  • G. Cotton, 1975. "Analyse critique des lois d'orientation," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 108(1), pages 3-7.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1975_num_108_1_2365
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1975.2365
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1975.2365
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