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Le financement des entreprises agricoles et industrielles

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  • P. Rainelli

Abstract

[fre] Les problèmes de financement de l'agriculture sont particulièrement aigus en raison de l'importance du capital reproductible immobilisé par unité de produit. Celui-ci, qui a tendance à augmenter dans le temps, apparente cette branche à une industrie lourde. De plus il s'agit d'une activité en déclin dont les prix, par rapport aux autres branches, évoluent défavorablement. Le poids considérable du foncier aggrave les difficultés de financement au niveau des exploitants. . Le rapprochement des entreprises agricoles et des entreprises industrielles indique une position praticuliè- rement difficile de l'ensemble des agriculteurs dont 'le système est orienté vers la production animale. En effet les systèmes de production animaux ont une rentabilité des capitaux positive uniquement à partir d'une taille de 20 à 50 ha, contrairement au système céréalier dont la rentabilité élevée peut se comparer à celle des entreprises industrielles. Par contre les exploitations agricoles sont relativement peu endettées. Enfin les difficultés des agriculteurs en matière de financement sont encore accrues par la nécessité de constituer des réserves contre- aléatoires compte tenu de la nature de l'activité agricole. . En conclusion, l'évolution économique générale combinée aux faibles possibilités d'autofinancement des agriculteurs (rentabilité des capitaux peu élevée), à la politique d'industrialisation du pays, et aux facteurs institutionnels (régime foncier) conduisent à une vue pessimiste en matière de financement de l'agriculture. [eng] The Financing of Agricultural and Industrial Firms - The problems of financing in agriculture are particularly critical because of the amount of capital tied up in each output unit. This tends to increase with time and makes the branch in question resemble heavy industry. Moreover it is a declining activity whose prices, compared to those of other branches, evolve unfavourably. The considerable burden of land prices makes investment problems even worse for the farmers. . The comparison of agricultural and industrial firms indicates that the position is particulary difficult for farmers whose system is based on cattle production, for in such systems capital investments bring in a positive profit only above 20-50 hectares, unlike the cereal producing system whose high profitability is comparable to that of industrial firms. But farms have relatively few debts. Finally, the farmers' difficulties as far as financing is concerned are increased still more by the necessity to constitute reserves because of the precarious nature of this activity. . In conclusion, the general economic evolution combined with the farmers' very slight self-financing possibilities, the country's industrialisation policy and institutional factors lead to a very pessimistic view of investment in agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • P. Rainelli, 1973. "Le financement des entreprises agricoles et industrielles," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 96(1), pages 87-100.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1973_num_96_1_2220
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1973.2220
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1973.2220
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