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Croissance économique et structures agricoles en Yougoslavie

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  • Zvonimir Baletic

Abstract

[eng] In spite of a strong demographic disequilibrium and unfavourable natural conditions, Yugo-Slavia has been able to improve considerably the output of its farm production. . The agrarian reform, through which land was transferred from private farms in order to obtain the minimum acreage of 10 ha, contributed to create a socialist sector. The author analyses the success and difficulties met with by socialist firms and cooperatives. . The socialization raises many problems. The expansion of the socialist sector necessitates expensive purchases of land and the capital thus invested lacks in other sectors. The domestic demand for farm products increases with the income and the population at the expense of foreign trade. Farm prices and wages increase. These trends are partially due to the installation of industries in the country, which increases the income of the farmers but reduces their farm production. . The economic reform in progress fights these trends by favouring a centralization of the industry. However, this eliminates the industrial employments for the farm population whose out-migration should be prevented. [fre] Un fort déséquilibre démographique et des conditions naturelles peu favorables n'ont pas empêché la Yougoslavie d'améliorer sensiblement les rendements de sa production agricole. . La réforme agraire, en enlevant les terres aux exploitations privées pour les ramener au maximum fixé (10 hectares), a permis la création du secteur socialiste. L'auteur analyse les succès et les difficultés des entreprises socialistes et des coopératives générales agricoles. . La socialisation pose cependant de nombreux problèmes. L'expansion du secteur socialiste oblige à acheter des terres coûteuses, et les capitaux investis font défaut à d'autres secteurs. La demande intérieure de produits agricoles s'élève avec le revenu et la population, au détriment du commerce extérieur. Les prix agricoles et les salaires augmentent. Ces tendances découlent en partie de l'implantation d'industries à la campagne, qui accroissent le revenu des paysans-ouvriers mais font baisser leur productivité agricole. . La réforme économique en cours combat ces tendances, en favorisant une industrie plus concentrée. Elle supprime ainsi l'emploi industriel de la population agricole, dont l'exode doit absolument être freiné. . Pour retenir à la terre la main-d'œuvre agricole, en lui fournissant un revenu convenable, il faudra moderniser l'agriculture et améliorer les conditions de la vie rurale.

Suggested Citation

  • Zvonimir Baletic, 1968. "Croissance économique et structures agricoles en Yougoslavie," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 75(1), pages 21-32.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1968_num_75_1_1997
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1968.1997
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1968.1997
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