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Le développement de la Grande-Bretagne au 18m? siècle : révolution industrielle ou agricole ?

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  • Gilbert Ruilière

Abstract

[eng] The study examines the influence of agriculture and transports on the growth of the British economy since the 18th Century Industrial Revolution. Without the joint development of transports and agriculture, Great Britain would not have been able to obtain such a lead over other countries by its industrialisation alone. Its economic power, based on the rise of industry, has not only been obtained by inventions and adoption of new technical processse, but also by a preliminary reform of agriculture, the transport system and the means of communication. The badly adapted cultivation methods and to a great extent the ignorance of scientific methods of soil conservation brought about a waste. The open field system prevented by its rigidity the adoption of new techniques. This system Was changed in 1760. The enclosures movement made it possible to change the mentality of the farmers and to bring in new cultivation methods. As to the improvment of the means of communication, its influence has beenn rather indirect. The network expanded during the second half of the eighteenth century, so as to permit a more intensive use of coal by the industries. [fre] L'étude examine le rôle joué par l'agriculture et les transports dans la croissance de l'économie britannique depuis la révolution industrielle du 18me siècle. Sans le développement conjoint des transports et de l'agriculture, la Grande-Bretagne n'aurait pu acquérir une aussi forte avance sur les autres pays par sa seule industrialisation. La puissance économique, fondée sur l'essor de l'industrie, a été obtenue non seulement par les inventions et l'adoption de nouveaux procédés techniques, mais aussi par une réforme préalable de l'agriculture et du système des transports et des communications. L'inadaptation des systèmes d'exploitation du sol étaient à l'origine d'un gaspillage dû, en partie, à l'ignorance de méthodes scientifiques d'entretien. L'open-field par sa rigidité gênait l'adoption de techniques nouvelles. Ce système est modifié à partir de 1760. Les enclosures ont permis de transformer la mentalité des exploitants et d'introduire les nouvelles techniques de culture. Quant aux améliorations du système de communication, leur influence a été plutôt indirecte. Le réseau s'est étendu au cours de la seconde moitié du XVnime siècle, de façon à permettre une utilisation plus intensive du charbon par les industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilbert Ruilière, 1965. "Le développement de la Grande-Bretagne au 18m? siècle : révolution industrielle ou agricole ?," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 63(1), pages 39-46.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1965_num_63_1_1879
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1965.1879
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1965.1879
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