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Le modèle des banques européennes entre le local et le global

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  • Jean-Baptiste Bellon

Abstract

[eng] European banks : between a local and a global model . European banking groups are today reasonably diversified with an economic model based on a spread of local businesses and expanding global businesses. Restructuring in the banking sector has significantly increased competition in retail banking by creating stronger players. This puts pressure on unit costs in banking operations. The gradual disposal of non-core activities has picked up speed with the outsourcing of IT and certain mass processing operations. That should continue with the next relocation phase. Banks that worked within a group or country framework are beginning to relocate further and further away. Indications from Citigroup and the buyers of ABN suggest relocation could affect 10% of staff involved in local functions. It is a sizeable amount but only represents a theoretical 3-4% improvement in ROE, i. e. somewhat less than the potential benefit of industrial restructuring. In global banking, on the other hand, relocation naturally follows emerging wealth from new economies and the parallel development of financial systems. These diverging trends should intensify friction between local and global businesses. . JEL classification : G21, G34, L23, N24 [fre] Les groupes bancaires européens sont assez diversifiés et leur modèle économique repose sur un socle d’activités locales et un développement de métiers globaux. Les restructurations bancaires ont sensiblement accru l’intensité de la concurrence sur les marchés de banque de détail en créant des acteurs plus puissants. Cela nourrit une pression sur les coûts unitaires des opérations bancaires. Le mouvement lent de sortie d’activités périphériques s’est un peu accéléré avec l’externalisation de l’informatique et de certains traitements de masse. Cela devrait continuer avec la prochaine phase de délocalisation. Les banques qui opéraient dans un cadre intragroupe et intra-pays commencent à délocaliser plus et plus loin. Au vu des annonces de Citigroup et des repreneurs d’ABN, il nous semble que les délocalisations pourraient porter sur 10 % des effectifs des métiers locaux. C’est beaucoup mais cela ne représente qu’un gain théorique de 3 % ou 4 % de ROE, soit un potentiel assez inférieur à celui des restructurations industrielles. Par contre dans les métiers globaux, les délocalisations suivent naturellement l’émergence des richesses des économies nouvelles et le développement parallèle des systèmes financiers. Ces évolutions divergentes devraient encore accroître les « tensions » entre métiers locaux et globaux. . Classification JEL : G21, G34, L23, N24

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Baptiste Bellon, 2007. "Le modèle des banques européennes entre le local et le global," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 90(4), pages 185-195.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2007_num_90_4_4410
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2007.4410
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2007.4410
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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • N24 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Europe: 1913-
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • N24 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Europe: 1913-

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