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Épargne et financement des retraites au XIXe siècle

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur
  • Françoise Le Quéré

Abstract

[eng] Financing retirement and saving in the 19th century . Life-cycle theory suggests that the aging of the French population in the 19th century should lead to an increase in savings. Nevertheless, the poor's low income made them reluctant to increase their savings in spite of the many institutional innovations directed to them. The very rich did save a lot, but more for dynastic reasons. Changes in behaviour and representations concerning saving and aging did actually happen, but mostly in the middle classes, which were the first beneficiaries of the innovations in saving products and also especially of the new retirement funding regimes. Those regimes, using first capitalisation techniques but also later repartition among members, were created first in the civil service and then in public utilities, mining and some other firms. We document the importance of the State's initiative and regulation in the spreading of these regimes and their convergence toward pay-as-you-go schemes early in the 20th century. . JEL classification : H55, J26, N33. [fre] Le vieillissement de la population française au XIXe siècle devrait conduire, selon le modèle du cycle de vie, à une hausse du taux d'épargne. Mais si une classe moyenne s'efforce de dégager une épargne au cours de la vie active en vue de sa retraite, il n'en est rien pour une grande partie de la classe populaire. L'imprévoyance de cette classe face au risque de vieillesse, et surtout la demande effective des classes moyennes, suscitent la création de régimes de retraite. Les initiatives privées s'avérant insuffisantes, les retraites sont initiées par l'État, copiées par le secteur public et les grandes entreprises. Un régime par capitalisation et centralisé au niveau national est finalement créé, mais les difficultés qu'il rencontre démontrent que le régime requiert à la fois une adhésion « culturelle » et des ressources suffisantes ; en leur absence, le régime évolue rapidement vers la répartition, qui permet un gain transitoire mais difficilement réversible. . Classification JEL : H55, J26, N33.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur & Françoise Le Quéré, 2002. "Épargne et financement des retraites au XIXe siècle," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 68(4), pages 269-284.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2002_num_68_4_4782
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2002.4782
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2002.4782
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • N33 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • N33 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Europe: Pre-1913

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