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Aux origines de la notion d'épargne en France : ou du Peuple-prévoyance à l'État-providence (1750-1850)

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  • Jean-Marie Thiveaud

Abstract

[eng] Back to the origins of the savings concept in France . The origins of savings in France — in its current definition — go back to the middle of the XVIIIth century, even if it can be considered that during Ancient, Medieval and the beginning of Modern Times a few savings practices can be found among some population groups. The concept of savings originated at the same time as the philosophical and political concept of providence. Through the writing influence of financiers and educated people of that time, it has highlighted the State and People's joint roles. There was a will to associate popular savings and public credit, in a century characterised by an increase in demography and work, which is clearly reflected in the multiple projects in circulation before and during the French Revolution of 1789. But it is not before the Restoration period, then July's Monarchy and the Second Empire that savings and providence institutions become really successful. The « Providence people » will have to wait for Napoleon the Third to have the Welfare State eventually answer to their needs which had been expressed a hundred years earlier. [fre] Les origines de l'épargne en France - dans sa définition d'aujourd'hui - remontent au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, même si l'on peut considérer que durant les temps de l'antiquité et les périodes médiévales et des débuts des temps modernes quelques pratiques éparses étaient déjà en jeu dans certaines catégories de la population. La notion d'épargne naît en même temps que se développe le concept philosophicopolitique de la prévoyance et met aussitôt en oeuvre, sous la plume des savants et financiers de l'époque, le rôle conjoint de l'État et du Peuple. La multiplicité des projets qui circulent avant et pendant la Révolution de 1789 attestent de cette volonté d'associer l'épargne populaire et le crédit public, dans un siècle qui voit croître à la fois la démographie et le travail. Mais il faudra attendre la Restauration puis la Monarchie de Juillet et le Second Empire pour que les institutions d'épargne et de prévoyance connaissent un véritable essor, avant que, sous Napoléon III, l'État-providence réponde enfin aux voeux émis cent ans plus tôt par le Peuple-prévoyance.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marie Thiveaud, 1997. "Aux origines de la notion d'épargne en France : ou du Peuple-prévoyance à l'État-providence (1750-1850)," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(4), pages 179-213.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_42_4_2363
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2363
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2363
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