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Réforme des retraites en Italie : principaux aspects et questions soulevées

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  • Emmanuel Reynaud

Abstract

[eng] Pensions plans reform in Italy main aspects and questions raised . Italy has radically changed its own retirement pension system in 1995. Given the scope of such a reform, it is undoubtedly a major issue in industrialised countries. It has not simply been an adaptation of existing patterns, but a real break with the old system which was considered both costly and unfair. The whole reform is about the implementation of a single system based on a new retirement calculation method which relates the pension level to the contributory effort made over the years. A flexible retirement age between 57 and 65 years has been adopted. In the international context, one of the most original aspects of retirement reform is the major role played by unions in the reform's preparation and implementation. This reform is in fact the result of a single union project and has been directly negotiated among three unions and the government. From a technical point of view, the way of regulating the system in the long run is one of the blurred aspects of the reform. Moreover, choices made as regards justice and equity have led to devising a system applying a limited solidarity among its participants. [fre] L'Italie a profondément transformé son système de retraite en 1995. Cette réforme constitue par son ampleur une première dans les pays industrialisés. Il ne s'est pas agi d'une simple adaptation à la marge des dispositifs existants, mais d'une véritable rupture avec le système précédent jugé à la fois coûteux et inéquitable. Toute la réforme s'articule autour de la création d'un régime unique basé sur un nouveau mode de calcul de la pension qui lie le niveau de celle-ci à l'effort contributif tout au long de la carrière. Un âge flexible de départ en retraite a en outre été introduit entre 57 et 65 ans. Dans le contexte international, une des grandes originalités de la réforme tient au rôle majeur joué par les syndicats dans son élaboration et sa mise en oeuvre : elle est en effet issue d'un projet syndical unitaire et a été directement négociée entre les trois confédérations et le gouvernement. D'un point de vue technique, le mode de régulation du système sur le long terme constitue une des principales zones d'ombre de la réforme. Par ailleurs, on peut constater que les choix opérés en matière de justice et d'équité ont conduit à concevoir un dispositif pratiquant une solidarité réduite entre les participants.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Reynaud, 1997. "Réforme des retraites en Italie : principaux aspects et questions soulevées," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(2), pages 65-84.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_40_2_2309
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2309
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2309
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