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Pour une véritable monnaie européenne, véhicule d'un ordre monétaire mondial

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  • Charles Le Lien

Abstract

[fre] Dans le domaine monétaire, les débats restent le plus souvent à la surface des choses, faute d'un appareil intellectuel véritable qui soit à la fois spécifique au domaine concerné et articulé à la théorie économique générale. On discute des modalités de la politique monétaire (du niveau des taux d'intérêt par exemple) des systèmes de changes (fixes ou flexibles) ou du statut des banques centrales, qui sont tous des facteurs de second ordre dans l'organisation et la performance des systèmes monétaires. Le but de cet article, avant de contribuer au débat sur la monnaie européenne qui souffre de cette superficialité, est de renouveler l'approche des phénomènes monétaires en fournissant, avec l'échelle de convertibilité monétaire, un outil analytique simple (et homogène à l'analyse économique néoclassique) de hiérarchisation des systèmes monétaires en fonction du degré de convertibilité ou, juridiquement, en fonction du régime monétaire. Cette échelle donne une grille d'analyse historico- théorique des phénomènes monétaires mondiaux passés, contemporains et, espérons-le, futurs. Cet article essaye pour cette raison d'en résumer l'application historique, quoique de manière sommaire. . Il est enfin indiqué, à titre de contribution au débat monétaire européen actuel, que ce n'est qu'en faisant remonter le long de l'échelle de convertibilité monétaire le « bien » monétaire européen, que les européens contribueront au rétablissement d'un ordre monétaire mondial, seul compatible avec les principes d'une économie de marché authentique au plan national et avec ceux du libre échange au plan international. La transposition au plan européen d'une organisation monétaire nationale sous-optimale n'apporterait en revanche aucune solution au désordre monétaire international résultant de la nationalisation au XXe siècle des monnaies et des systèmes monétaires. [eng] In monetary matters, debates remain more often than not at a superficial level, due to the lack of a real intellectual apparatus, which could be both specific to the related field and adjusted to the general economic theory. Discussions are about monetary policy factors (such a interest rate levels, for example), as well as exchange rate systems (fixed or flexible), or the role of central banks, all these are second order factors in the organization and performance of monetary systems. Before contributing to the debate on European currency which suffers from this superficiality, this article aims at renewing the approach of monetary phenomena by, providing, by means of the monetary convertibility scale, a simple and homogeneous analytic tool for the neoclassical economic analysis of the order of monetary systems according to the level of convertibility or, legally, to the monetary regime. The monetary convertibility scale is a significant historical and theoretical analysis grid for past, contemporary and, we hope, future world monetary phenomena. For this reason, this article attempts to sum up its historical application, though in a rather concise way. . In order to contribute to the present European monetary debate, it is finally mentioned that it is not by rising the European monetary « good » all the way up to the monetary convertibility scale, that Europeans will contribute to the re-establishment of a global monetary order : the only one wich could be compatible with the authentic market economy principles at national level, as well as with the principles of the broadest free trade at international level. The transfer of a sub-optimum national monetary organization to the European context could not however bring any solution to the international monetary disorder resulting from the nationalization, in the 20 th. Century, of currencies and monetary systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Charles Le Lien, 1996. "Pour une véritable monnaie européenne, véhicule d'un ordre monétaire mondial," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(3), pages 59-84.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1996_num_38_3_5568
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1996.5568
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1996.5568
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