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Le risque et son prix : Genèse d'un concept et de son évaluation juridico-financière (XIVe-XVIIe siècles)

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  • Jean-Marie Thiveaud

Abstract

[fre] La notion du risque est, du point de vue étymologique, peu évidente même si elle a trouvé depuis longtemps sa banalisation dans les esprits. En fait, au départ, c'est-à-dire vers les XIIe-XIVe siècles, elle est associée à la probabilité d'un péril naturel dans le cas particulier des entreprises commerciales maritimes, le risque n'est pas le concept théorique et générique tel que nous le connaissons aujourd'hui mais très prosaïquement le rocher sur lequel le navire court le danger de perdre corps et biens. Le risque trouve son origine sur les bords de la Méditerranée dans le monde des navigateurs et des marchands. La notion de risque se construit donc en même temps que se met en place l'assurance maritime, puis les dérivations de l'assurance terrestre ou de l'assurance-vie. Elle va de pair avec le développement du crédit et le renouvellement des règles comptables en Occident, impliquant ainsi un véritable calcul du prix du risque. Elle est indissociable des évolutions des structures juridiques et en particulier de la généralisation des modalités contractuelles. Le risque, tout en demeurant lié à la technologie assurancielle puis aux techniques du crédit, échappe ensuite à l'univers exclusivement financier pour passer dans le langage courant et s'appliquer à toutes les circonstances négatives de l'existence. [eng] Risk and its pricing : genesis of a concept and its legal and financial assessments (XIVth-XVIIth centuries). From an etymological point of view, the idea of risk is not quite obvious, even if it has been widely used for a long time. In fact, at the beginning, that is around the XIIIth-XIVth centuries, it was related to the probability of natural hazard, that is in the particular case of shipping companies. The concept of risk is not a theoretical or a generic one, such as we know it today, but quite prosaically the rock on which the ship runs the risk of a total wreck. . The idea of risk was originated in the Mediterranean sea coast, in a world of seamen and merchants. It goes along with credit development and the implementation of accounting rules in the Western world ; thus entailing a truly risk pricing calculation. It cannot be separated from the development of legal structures and, in particular, of contractual terms. While remaining related first to insurance technology and then to credit techniques, the risk notion has moved away from the mere financial world, into everyday language, so as to be related to all hazards of life.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marie Thiveaud, 1996. "Le risque et son prix : Genèse d'un concept et de son évaluation juridico-financière (XIVe-XVIIe siècles)," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 37(2), pages 253-274.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1996_num_37_2_2279
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1996.2279
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1996.2279
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