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Licence horizontale et politique antitrust

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  • Emmanuel Combe
  • Etienne Pfister

Abstract

[eng] This paper investigates how licensing between competitors can create significant barriers to competition. Several theoretical models have shown that licensing an innovation to a competitor can facilitate collusion, deter entry by more efficient firms or hinder technological progress. As a result, antitrust authorities are now paying close attention to such behavior, mainly in the case of cross licensing. However, the anticompetitive effects of licensing rely on several assumptions, which are seldom met. Moreover, evaluating these anticompetitive effects is not easily done for licensing also has some efficiency-enhancing aspects : for instance, it can help manufacture a new product (in the case of the licensing of complementary technologies) or it may avoid excessive R&D investments. [fre] Cet article propose un bilan des formalisations théoriques sur l'impact anticoncurrentiel des accords de licence entre firmes concurrentes. De tels accords peuvent en effet faciliter les stratégies de collusion ou dissuader l'entrée de concurrents ou de nouveaux produits. Progressivement, les autorités concurrentielles américaine et européenne commencent à tenir compte de ces répercussions stratégiques des cessions de licences entre firmes concurrentes, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de licences croisées. Toutefois, ces stratégies de collusion ou de dissuasion par la licence restent difficiles à mettre en place. Leur évaluation par les autorités de concurrence n'est pas non plus sans poser quelques difficultés. Ainsi, des licences croisées peuvent s'avérer nécessaires pour garantir la commercialisation d'un nouveau produit, tandis que la dissuasion à l'innovation peut, sous certaines conditions, s'avérer socialement efficace.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Combe & Etienne Pfister, 2003. "Licence horizontale et politique antitrust," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 104(1), pages 23-46.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2003_num_104_1_3128
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2003.3128
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2003.3128
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