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Complexity and Contract

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  • W. Bentley Macleod

Abstract

[fre] Il est communément admis que l'incomplétude des contrats peut provenir de l'impossibilité de se préparer à toutes les contingences futures d'une relation contractuelle (cf. Williamson 1975). Dans ce papier, nous montrons que le fait qu'une telle incomplétude contraigne, ou non, l'efficacité contractuelle est très dépendant des hypothèses concernant le processus de traitement de l'incertitude. Nous montrons que, quand les agents doivent répondre à une contingence imprévue avant d'être capables de renégocier le contrat, la complexité contractuelle est alors une contrainte sans issue. Ce cas est celui du "hold up ex post". Deuxièmement, il est suggéré que l'importance des activités multi-tâches peut constituer une mesure de la complexité contractuelle. Quand la complexité est faible, un contrat contingent est efficace. Alors qu'une évaluation subjective des performances des contractants est plus efficace quand la complexité est élevée. Dans ce dernier cas, le contrat optimal pour prévenir le hold up ex post est fondé sur l'aptitude des êtres humains à produire des jugements subjectifs qui sont dans certains cas plus appropriés que des mesures explicites des performances. De plus, l'efficacité du contrat n'est pas sensible à l'erreur humaine en elle-même, mais est une fonction croissante de la corrélation des jugements entre les parties contractantes. [eng] It is well known that contract incompleteness can arise from the impossibility of planning for all future contingencies in a relationship (e.g. Williamson (1975)). In this paper it is shown that whether or not such incompleteness constrains the efficiency of the contract is very sensitive to assumptions concerning the timing of the resolution of uncertainty. It is shown that when agents must respond to an unforeseen contingency before being able to renegotiate the contract, then contract complexity is a binding constraint, a case that is called ex post hold-up. Secondly, it is suggested that the amount of multitasking can provide a measure of contract complexity. When complexity is low, contingent contracting is efficient, while subjective performance evaluation is more efficient when complexity is high. In this case the optimal contract for ex post hold-up is based upon the ability of humans to make subjective judgments that are in some cases more informative than explicit performance measures. Moreover, the efficiency of the contract is not sensitive to human errorperse, but is an increasing function of the correlation in judgments between the contracting parties.

Suggested Citation

  • W. Bentley Macleod, 2000. "Complexity and Contract," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 92(1), pages 149-178.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2000_num_92_1_1044
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2000.1044
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2000.1044
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    Cited by:

    1. Azar, Pablo D. & Micali, Silvio, 2018. "Computational principal agent problems," Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 13(2), May.
    2. Surajeet Chakravarty, 2005. "Resolving Contractual Disputes: Arbitration vs Mediation," The Centre for Market and Public Organisation 05/117, The Centre for Market and Public Organisation, University of Bristol, UK.
    3. Pierpaolo Battigalli & Giovanni Maggi, 2008. "Costly contracting in a long‐term relationship," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 39(2), pages 352-377, June.
    4. Nicolai J. Foss, 2010. "Bounded Rationality and Organizational Economics," Chapters, in: Peter G. Klein & Michael E. Sykuta (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Transaction Cost Economics, chapter 14, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Patrick Bolton & Antoine Faure-Grimaud, 2010. "Satisficing Contracts," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 77(3), pages 937-971.
    6. Alan Schwartz & Joel Watson, "undated". "The Law and Economics of Costly Contracting," Yale Law School John M. Olin Center for Studies in Law, Economics, and Public Policy Working Paper Series yale_lepp-1004, Yale Law School John M. Olin Center for Studies in Law, Economics, and Public Policy.
    7. Alan Schwartz, 2004. "The Law and Economics of Costly Contracting," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(1), pages 2-31, April.
    8. Schnedler, Wendelin, 2000. "Who gets the Reward? An Empirical Exploration of Bonus Pay and Task Characteristics," IZA Discussion Papers 235, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Nicolai J. Foss & Peter G. Klein, 2005. "The Theory of the Firm and Its Critics A Stocktaking and Assessment," DRUID Working Papers 05-03, DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies.
    10. Laura Onofri & Samuele Trestini & Fateh Mamine & Jason Loughrey, 2023. "Understanding agricultural land leasing in Ireland: a transaction cost approach," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, December.
    11. Fares, M’hand, 2005. "Quels fondements à l’incomplétude des contrats?," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 81(3), pages 535-555, Septembre.

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