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La localisation départementale de l'industrie selon les deux enquêtes de 1841-1845 et de 1861-1865

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  • Michelle Kergoat

Abstract

[fre] Deux enquêtes réalisées dans les départements français, la première en 1845 et la deuxième en 1865, permettent de décrire l'industrialisation lors d'une phase très particulière de l'économie française : la phase de décollage économique. Cet article montre que l'activité industrielle se concentre dans un petit nombre de départements, et que l'industrie textile constitue la principale activité en termes d'emploi et de valeur ajoutée. Mais à cette période existe une dualité au sein de l'industrie et elle a tendance à s'accentuer entre les deux dates d'enquête. Certaines activités sont traditionnelles et sont tournées essentiellement vers des marchés locaux. Leur sureprésentation dans l'activité industrielle d'un département traduit souvent un relatif sous-développement. D'autres activités sont plus modernes, de par leur input, leur technique de production, et leur marché est plutôt supradépartemental. Ces activités sont les plus prometteuses pour l'avenir du département. En conclusion, une typologie départementale a été établie à partir de trois critères d'industrialisation. [eng] Two inquiries realized in french departments, the first one in 1845 and the second one in 1865, provide the means to describe the localization of industry at a very particular time of the french economic history : the « take off ». This paper shows that the industrial activity is concentrated in a few departments only, and that textile industry is the main activity in terms of employment and of production in value. But there is a duality in french industry which tends to increase between the two dates. Some activities are traditional and provide mainly local markets. When they are largely represented in the industrial activity of a department, they often express the less degree of development of this department. Others activities are modern, because they produce new output, or use new technics of production and most often, they have a large market area. These activities are the more promising for the future of department. To conclude, a typology of departments has been built from three criterias of industrialization.

Suggested Citation

  • Michelle Kergoat, 1989. "La localisation départementale de l'industrie selon les deux enquêtes de 1841-1845 et de 1861-1865," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(1), pages 52-71.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1989_num_48_1_2246
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1989.2246
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1989.2246
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