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Des suppliciés oubliés de la Grande Guerre : les pithiatiques

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  • Pierre Darmon

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Le pythiatisme est l'une des nouvelles pathologies de la Grande Guerre. Dans ce conflit au ras du sol, nombreux furent les soldats ensevelis qui, une fois dégagés, se retrouvèrent figés dans d'étranges postures, plies en deux ou accroupis. Certains avaient encore les mains ou les pieds tordus, d'autres étaient sourds ou muets. Mais l'examen clinique ne révélait aucune lésion. Aussi furent-ils déclarés «suggestionnés», voire traités en simulateurs. Pour eux, Babinski inventa le terme de « pithiatisme » (du grec «je persuade» et «je guéris»). Les thérapies employées pour les renvoyer au feu étaient féroces. Enfermés dans des carcans redresseurs ou soumis au torpillage électriques, ils pouvaient, sous l'empire de la souffrance, retrouver une éphémère mobilité, mais, tôt ou tard, les contractures reprenaient le dessus. [eng] Abstract During the First Mondial War, many soldiers were buried alive. Disengaged, they were folded or squatted. Some of them had twisted hands and feet, other were deaf or mute. But the clinical examination did not reveal any lésion. So, they were considered like suggested and called by Babinsky «pithiatics» (from the greek «I Induce» and «I cure»). Many was even treated like simulators who refused to return to fire. The cure was ferocious. The pithiatics were shuted in iron collars or electrifyed (« torpillés », electric torpidoing). Under the effect of the pain, they may find a transitory mobility, but some day or other, the contractions came back.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Darmon, 2001. "Des suppliciés oubliés de la Grande Guerre : les pithiatiques," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(1), pages 49-64.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2001_num_20_1_2253
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2001.2253
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2001.2253
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