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Les forêts d'Alsace-Lorraine (1871-1918) : les contrastes de l'héritage allemand, reflets de l'annexion

Author

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  • Robin Degron
  • Jean-Pierre Husson

Abstract

[eng] Abstract With the Alsace-Lorraine annexation's in 1871, german foresters find a new field to apply their silvicultural practises. In Alsace plain and in Vosges mountains, forest management is quite similar to prussian Kingdom forest's one : it is characterized by a planting important development, often with coniferous species, and by a progressive substitution of Fir by Spruce and scots Pine. On the contrary, thanks to a new retrospective geographic approach, we have been able to show silviculture in Plateau Lorrain forests' was in continuity of french forest administration practises : old broadleaved stands regeneration uses natural way, Oak and Beech predominance is maintened. Different outputs consented by german forest authorities on both Vosges sides can be explained within the annexation general policy and the important Alsace-Lorraine Presidium's autonomy. Reflection of sustainable development wish, forest policy can be considered as a witness of a very long term agreement. The contrasts in annexation area seem to show a hope of Alsace integration, whereas Moselle stays only a strategic glacis. [fre] Résumé Avec l'annexion de l'Alsace et de la Moselle en 1871, les forestiers allemands trouvent un nouveau champ d'application à leurs pratiques sylvicoles. En plaine d'Alsace et dans les Vosges, la gestion des forêts se calque sur celle qui a cours dans les massifs du Royaume de Prusse : elle est marquée par le développement d'importantes plantations, souvent résineuses, et par la substitution progressive du Sapin par l'Épicéa et le Pin sylvestre. Grâce à une approche de géographie rétrospective originale, nous avons pu montrer que la sylviculture des forêts du Plateau Lorrain mosellan s'inscrit en revanche dans la continuité de celle employée par l'administration française : la régénération des vieux peuplements d'essences feuillues est réalisée par voie naturelle, la prédominance du Chêne et du Hêtre est maintenue. La différence entre les investissements consentis de part et d'autre des Vosges par les autorités forestières allemandes peut être interprétée dans le cadre général de l'annexion et de l'importante autonomie de la Présidence d'Alsace-Lorraine. Reflet d'une volonté de gestion durable, la politique forestière témoigne en effet d'un engagement sur le très long terme. Les contrastes sylvicoles dans la zone annexée semblent ainsi indiquer un espoir d'intégration de l'Alsace à l'Empire, alors que la Moselle reste avant tout un glacis stratégique.

Suggested Citation

  • Robin Degron & Jean-Pierre Husson, 1999. "Les forêts d'Alsace-Lorraine (1871-1918) : les contrastes de l'héritage allemand, reflets de l'annexion," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(3), pages 593-611.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_3_2051
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2051
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2051
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