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La difficile genèse du bassin houiller lorrain (1815-1870)

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  • Bernard Desmars

Abstract

[fre] Résumé En 1815, le traité de Paris ôte à la France le territoire de la Sarre avec ses exploitations houillères ; des recherches sont alors entreprises dans le sous-sol de la Moselle pour y découvrir du charbon. Sous la Restauration, de nombreuses initiatives se caractérisent par la faiblesse de leurs moyens scientifiques, financiers et techniques ; celle-ci explique l'échec de la seule compagnie d'exploitation qui doit cesser son activité en 1835. Et pendant une décennie environ, le sous-sol lorrain ne suscite plus beaucoup d'intérêt. À la fin de la Monarchie de juillet, de nouvelles recherches géologiques et des investissements réalisés d'abord par de la société de Wendel relancent l'intérêt pour le bassin mosellan; celui est concédé sous le Second Empire, au profit d'intérêts à la fois locaux, parisiens et nordistes. Toutefois, la structure géologique du sous-sol mosellan provoque de nombreuses difficultés d'exploitation qui, avec l'évolution de la conjoncture et la division des ressources houillères en de nombreuses concessions par les pouvoirs publics, expliquent la médiocrité du bilan global à la veille de l'annexion de la Moselle par l'Empire allemand en 1871. [eng] Abstract In 1815, the Treaty of Paris deprived France of the Sarre territory and its coal mines. Research was then undertaken in the Moselle to try and discover coal. During the Restoration, many initiatives were hindered by the weakness of scientific, technical and financial means. This explains the failure of the only mining company, which then stopped its activities in 1835. And so, for about a decade, the Lorraine underground did not create very much interest. At the end of the July Monarchy, new geological research and investments, the Wendel company being the first, renewed interest in the Moselle basin, which was granted under the Second Empire, to local, Parisian and Northern interests at the same time. However, the geological structure of the Moselle underground provoked many exploitation problems that, with the evolution of the economic situation and the division of coal resources into numerous concessions by the public authorities, explains the mediocrity of the overall yield at the eve of Moselle annexation by the German Empire in 1871.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Desmars, 1998. "La difficile genèse du bassin houiller lorrain (1815-1870)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 17(3), pages 505-529.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1998_num_17_3_1999
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1998.1999
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1998.1999
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