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Les élites industrielles britanniques : 1880-1970

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  • Isabelle Lescent-Giles

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Les élites industrielles s'intègrent progressivement à l'establishment britannique entre 1880 et 1914, portées par le poids des entreprises plus que par l'importance de leurs fortunes personnelles. Dans l'entre-deux-guerres, elles s'ancrent dans l'Establishment en dépit de la professionnalisation des chefs d'entreprise et de l'élargissement de leur recrutement au profit des classes moyennes, sans abandonner les valeurs entrepreneuriales au profit de valeurs aristocratiques. Il y a rapprochement des modes de vie et des valeurs des différentes composantes de l'élite. La situation d'après 1945 reste inchangée. L'évaluation de la qualité du management britannique à travers son niveau d'éducation, le contenu de ses études, sa formation professionnelle et ses idées managériales suggère qu'elle est au moins équivalente à celle des autres patrons européens des années 1880-1970 et qu'elle ne démérite pas par rapport aux pionniers de la révolution industrielle. L'analyse de son action à la tête des grandes entreprises suggère qu'il faut réhabiliter en partie le patronat britannique de la seconde industrialisation. [eng] Abstract The British industrial elite slowly merges with the Establishment between 1880 and 1914, borne by the economic weight of industrial production rather than by its personal wealth. It reinforces its position amongst the Establishment between the wars in spite of the rise of the professional manager and not withstanding the widening of its base towards the middle classes. This does not entail the demise of entrepreneurial values nor does it mean the adoption of an antiindustrial culture that might have caused a decline in the quality of management. The study of the education and formation of British industrialists does not suggest any striking inferiority with other European countries. Furthermore, the study of the diffusion of management theory in Britain shows that a large proportion of the British industrial elite did belong to the mainstream of international management thought. A réévaluation of the action of industrialists over the whole period suggests the need for a partial rehabilitation of the British industrial elite between 1880 and 1914.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabelle Lescent-Giles, 1998. "Les élites industrielles britanniques : 1880-1970," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 17(1), pages 157-188.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1998_num_17_1_1979
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1998.1979
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1998.1979
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