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L'astrométéorologie : influence et évolution en France

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  • Danielle Le Prado-Madaule

Abstract

[eng] Abstract During the French Renaissance, the climate expressed the mysteries of Nature and God's Will. Though heralded by numerous emotion-ridden forewarnings, its manifestations were omnipresent and unpredictable enough to require some meteorological knowledge to aprehend God's message. The science of atmosphere was consulted whenever the balance of collective systèmes of representations was upset, which made it necessary for astrologists to investigate this field, and thereby gain control over the weather forecast as well as the interpretation of climatic events, leaving to Aristotle's heirs the responsibility to describe and explain the movements of atmosphere. Thus, Astrometeorology, generating concepts as well as cultural practice - as can be unmistakably noticed throughout its literature - may be considered as one of the major aspects of 16th century meteorological thought. From ambitious treaties to mere day books, the texts all bear witness to its influence and evolution. As a matter of fact, far from being a set heritage, it gives birth to a representation pattern of climatic phenomena. This fully contributes to the new desire to discover the secrets of the world and follows the main disruptions affecting the idea of Nature. This study develops and original aspect of knowledge aquisition, which throws light on the history of progressive rationalisation of science in modern times as well as on the 16th century culture and sensibility. [fre] Résumé Le climat exprime, pour l'homme de la Renaissance, les mystères de la nature et de la volonté divine. L'omniprésence, l'imprévisibilité de ses manifestations, pourtant annoncées par des signes multiples souvent chargés d'émotion, suffisent à persuader de l'intérêt du savoir météorologique pour appréhender le message de Dieu. Naturellement interrogée lors d'un bouleversement de l'équilibre des systèmes de représentations collectifs, la science de l'atmosphère offre donc un champ d'investigations presque obligé aux astrologues qui se rendent maîtres de la prévision du temps et de l'interprétation des événements climatiques, laissant aux héritiers d'Aristote, la charge de décrire et d'expliquer les mouvements de l'atmosphère. Ainsi, l'astrométéorologie, génératrice, tant de concepts que de pratiques culturelles, peut- elle être considérée comme un des aspects essentiels de la pensée météorologique du XVIe siècle dont elle domine incontestablement la littérature. Les textes, des plus ambitieux traités aux plus modestes livres de raison, témoignent de son influence comme de son évolution. En effet, loin d'être un héritage figé, elle engendre un modèle de représentation des phénomènes climatiques qui, participant pleinement à la volonté renaissante de percer les secrets du monde, épouse les principales ruptures qui affectent l'idée de nature. Son étude permet d'éclairer une voie originale d'évolution du savoir pour retrouver, au delà d'une histoire de la rationalisation progressive de la science à l'époque moderne, la culture et la sensibilité du XVIe siècle.

Suggested Citation

  • Danielle Le Prado-Madaule, 1996. "L'astrométéorologie : influence et évolution en France," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 15(2), pages 179-201.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1996_num_15_2_1867
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1996.1867
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1996.1867
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