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L'innovation technique dans l'industrie textile pendant la Révolution

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  • Serge Chassagne

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Contrairement à ce qu'on pourrait penser, la Révolution française n'a pas ralenti la percée des innovations techniques, empruntées à l'Angleterre, dans le travail des fibres textiles, et d'abord du coton, durant la dernière décennie de l'Ancien Régime. Quelques noms de mécaniciens anglais illustrent ce transfert de technologie : ainsi James Collier (successivement à Toulouse, de 1792 à 1796, puis à Sainte-Foy et à Coye, et enfin à Paris après 1805), ou John Newton Ford dans la région rouennaise. L'Etat encourage directement l'innovation par le concours national des meilleures mécaniques à filer, en l'an XI, et par la création, l'année suivante, d'une école de filature mécanique au Conservatoire. On comptait 6 filatures mécaniques de coton en 1789, 37 en 1799, et 234 en 1806. [eng] Abstract The French Revolution, although an opposite version, did not slow down the breakthrough of technical innovations, imported from England, in the textile industry, and first in cotton, during the last ten years of the Ancien Regime. Some english mechanics made obvious this technological transfer, like James Collier (traced at Toulouse, between 1792 and 1796, then at Sainte-Foy and Coye, later in Paris), or John Newton Ford around Rouen. The State fostered also directly the innovations by the national competition for the best spinning machineries, in 1803, and by the opening, the following year, of a training school for mule-spinning in the Conservatoire, in Paris, The spinning factories were numbered 6 in 1789, 37 in 1799, and 234 in 1806.

Suggested Citation

  • Serge Chassagne, 1993. "L'innovation technique dans l'industrie textile pendant la Révolution," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 12(1), pages 51-61.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1993_num_12_1_1660
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1993.1660
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1993.1660
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