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La spécificité du comportement démographique de la France

Author

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  • Gérard-François Dumont
  • Pierre Descroix

Abstract

[fre] Résumé La France a-t-elle ou non eu une spécificité dans son comportement de fécondité depuis la baisse générale commencée dans les pays industriels au début des années 60 ? Pour répondre à cette question, il faut d'abord définir un groupe de 12 pays industriels qui ont tous connu une baisse de fécondité précoce et significative dans la même période 1960-1986. On constate d'abord la régularité de la baisse dans les pays considérés pour la période 1964-1975 en calculant les droites de régression. Mais il apparaît que la France est dans une position de fécondité moins basse que le groupe, même si la Suède baisse moins vite car sa fécondité avait déjà baissé avant 1960. Si la France avait eu le même comportement de fécondité que la moyenne du groupe, l'effectif de ses naissances cumulées de 1963 à 1986 eût été inférieur de 1 800 000, soit près de 10% moindre. La France a donc enregistré un surplus relatif de naissances lié à une surfécondité relative par rapport aux pays industriels à basse fécondité précoce. Les essais d'explication portent sur quatre critères : la densité, la fécondité plus élevée des étrangers, le désir d'enfant, la politique familiale. Si le premier critère n'est pas fiable, les trois autres peuvent fournir des éléments d'interprétation. [eng] Abstract Did or not France have a specificity in its fe- condity behaviour since the general drop beginning in the industrial countries in the early sixties ? To answer this question, one must first define a group of 12 industrial countries which have, all of them, shown an early and significant fecondity drop during the same period 1960-1986. First one find out, by computing the regression lines, the evenness of the drop in the concerned countries for the period Д964- 1975. But it appears that France is in a position of lower drop in fecondity than this group, even though Sweden goes down slower because its fecondity had already gone down before 1960. Had France have the same fecondity behaviour as the average of the group, the stock of its cumulated births from 1963 to 1986" would have been 1 800 000 less, or nearly 10%. Accordingly, France has registered a relative excess of births linked with a relative over- fecondity relating to the industrial countries with an early low fecondity. Attempting an explanation calls for four criteria : density of the population, higher fecondity of the aliens, desire of children, family policy. Even though the first criterion is not good, the three others give some clues of interpretation.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard-François Dumont & Pierre Descroix, 1988. "La spécificité du comportement démographique de la France," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 7(3), pages 419-432.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1988_num_7_3_2360
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1988.2360
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1988.2360
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