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Un secteur des transports parisiens : le fiacre, de la libre entreprise au monopole (1790-1855)

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  • Nicholas Papayanis

Abstract

[fre] Résumé L'industrie parisienne du fiacre dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle était caractérisée par une libre et âpre concurrence entre les petites et moyennes entreprises qui dominaient alors l'industrie, par un strict et sévère contrôle de la police et de l'État sur la marche de l'industrie, et enfin par une main-d'œuvre très difficile à contrôler et discipliner. En 1855, Napoléon III créa un monopole du service des fiacres ordinaires à Paris au profit de la Compagnie impériale des Voitures, monopole qui fut supprimé en 1866. La conséquence fut le bouleversement de l'industrie du fiacre : la grande entreprise capitaliste du fiacre devint un trait permanent de cette industrie. Ce phénomène divisa la « corporation parisienne des cochers de fiacre » entre un groupe qui resta fidèle à ses valeurs corporatives et un autre chez qui apparurent au contraire une conscience et des organisations de classe. [eng] Abstract The Parisian cab trade in the first half to the nineteenth century was characterized by the high degree of free competition among the many small to medium- sized firms that dominated the trade, the strict and severe regulation and control the police and the government exercised over this trade, and a labor force that was especially difficult to discipline. In 1855, Napoleon III created a virtual monopoly of ordinary cab service in Paris, a monopoly he supressed in 1866. The result was the permanent transformation of the cab trade : the large, capitalist enterprise became a central fixture in this trade. This development divided the « corporation of Parisian coachmen » into a group that remained faithful to corporatist values and another faction which developed a proletarian consciousness and trade unions.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas Papayanis, 1986. "Un secteur des transports parisiens : le fiacre, de la libre entreprise au monopole (1790-1855)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(4), pages 559-572.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1986_num_5_4_2348
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1986.2348
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1986.2348
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    Cited by:

    1. Romain Biard & Marc Deschamps, 2020. "Quel impact pour les taxis si la loi supprimait toute différence règlementaire entre taxis et VTC ?," Working Papers 2020-03, CRESE.

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