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L’impact du travail salarié des étudiants sur la réussite et la poursuite des études universitaires

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  • Magali Beffy
  • Denis Fougère
  • Arnaud Maurel

Abstract

[fre] Cet article est consacré à l’estimation des effets du travail salarié des étudiants sur leur réussite universitaire et leur décision de poursuite d’études. L’analyse repose sur des échantillons extraits des enquêtes Emploi . conduites par l’Insee de 1992 à 2002. Ces échantillons sont restreints aux personnes en cours d’études initiales à l’université et préparant un diplôme universitaire de premier ou de second cycle (Deug, licence ou maîtrise). Sont exclus de l’analyse les étudiants dont l’emploi va de pair avec les études, en particulier les apprentis sous contrat et les stagiaires en formation. Les modèles estimés sont des modèles de type Probit à deux équations simultanées, la première expliquant l’occupation d’un emploi salarié par l’étudiant, la seconde sa réussite à l’examen de fin d’année, conjointement . avec sa décision de poursuite des études pour l’un des modèles. Le temps de travail salarié est pris en compte en distinguant, dans un des modèles, les emplois de moins ou plus de 16 heures par semaine. Les résultats montrent que l’occupation d’un emploi régulier réduit significativement la probabilité de réussite à l’examen de fin d’année universitaire. S’ils ne travaillaient pas, les étudiants salariés auraient une probabilité plus élevée de 43 points de réussir leur année. Une analyse complémentaire montre que le cumul emploi-études n’a pas d’effet significatif sur la probabilité de poursuivre les études l’année suivante, quels que soient la filière et le niveau des études. [eng] This article reports an estimation of the effects of students’ paid employment on their success at university and their decision to pursue their studies. Our analysis is based on samples extracted from INSEE Labour Force Surveys conducted between 1992 and 2002. The samples are confined to students who have begun their university studies and are preparing a first-or second-stage degree (French DEUG or B. A. or M. A. equivalent). We exclude students whose jobs are linked to their studies, particularly apprentices under contract and interns in training. We estimate probit models with two simultaneous equations: the first explains the student’s paid employment; the second explains the student’s success in the year-end exam and —in one of the models— jointly with the decision to continue his or her studies. The models incorporate working time in paid employment: one of the models distinguishes between jobs requiring more or less than 16 hours a week. The results show that holding a steady job significantly reduces the probability of passing exams at the end of the academic year. If they did not work, students in paid employment would have a 43-point-higher probability of completing their academic year successfully. An additional analysis shows that the job-plus-studies combination does not significantly influence the probability of pursuing one’s studies in the following year, regardless of program and academic level. [ger] In diesem Artikel werden die Auswirkungen einer lohnabhängigen Erwerbstätigkeit der Studenten auf den Erfolg ihres Hochschulstudiums und die Entscheidung, es fortzusetzen, analysiert. Die Studie basiert auf Stichproben aus den Insee-Beschäftigungserhebungen zwischen 1992 und 2002. Diese Stichproben beschränken sich auf die Personen, die mit ihrem Studium gerade begonnen haben und ein Diplom des Grund-oder Hauptstudiums vorbereiten (Bachelor oder Master). Nicht berücksichtigt in der Analyse sind Studenten, deren Erwerbstätigkeit Teil ihrer Ausbildung ist, insbesondere Lehrlinge mit einem Ausbildungsvertrag und in Ausbildung befindliche Praktikanten. Geschätzt werden Modelle des Typs Probit mit zwei gleichzeitigen Gleichungen: Die erste erklärt die lohnabhängige Erwerbstätigkeit eines Studenten und die zweite seinen Erfolg bei der Prüfung zu Jahresende, und zwar für eines der Modelle gemeinsam mit seiner Entscheidung, sein Studium fortzusetzen. Die Arbeitszeit als Lohnabhängiger wird berücksichtigt, wobei bei einem der Modelle zwischen einer Beschäftigung von mehr oder weniger als 16 Wochenstunden unterschieden wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine regelmäßige Erwerbstätigkeit die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer erfolgreichen Absolvierung der Prüfung zu Ende des Hochschuljahrs erheblich mindert. Würden die erwerbstätigen Studenten nicht arbeiten, wäre die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines erfolgreichen Abschlusses des Hochschuljahrs um 43 Prozentpunkte größer. Eine ergänzende Studie gelangt zu dem Schluss, dass die Kumulierung von Erwerbstätigkeit und Studium keinen nennenswerten Einfluss auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit hat, dass das Studium im darauffolgenden Jahr fortgesetzt wird, und zwar unabhängig vom Studiengang und vom Studienniveau. [spa] El presente artículo se centra en valorar los efectos del trabajo asalariado de los estudiantes en relación con el éxito en los estudios universitarios y su decisión de continuar dichos estudios. El análisis se basa en muestras extraídas de las encuestas sobre Empleo llevadas a cabo por el Insee de 1992 a 2002. Estas muestras se limitan a las personas que están realizando estudios iniciales en la universidad y preparando una titulación de primer o segundo ciclo (diplomas correspondientes a dos, tres o cuatro años de estudios universitarios). Se excluyen del análisis los estudiantes cuyo empleo acompaña los estudios, en particular los aprendices con contrato y los cursillistas en formación. Los modelos estimados son modelos de tipo Probit con dos ecuaciones simultáneas, la primera explicando la ocupación de un empleo asalariado por el estudiante, y la segunda explicando su éxito en el examen final, junto . a su decisión de continuar los estudios para uno de los modelos. El tiempo de trabajo asalariado se considera diferenciando, en uno de los modelos, los empleos de menos o más de 16 horas por semana. Los resultados muestran que la ocupación de un empleo regular reduce significativamente la probabilidad de éxito en el examen final universitario. Si no trabajaran, los estudiantes asalariados tendrían una probabilidad más elevada de 43 puntos de aprobar el año. Un análisis complementario muestra que la suma empleo-estudios no tiene efecto significativo en la probabilidad de continuar los estudios el año siguiente, sea cual sea el sector y el nivel de estudios.

Suggested Citation

  • Magali Beffy & Denis Fougère & Arnaud Maurel, 2009. "L’impact du travail salarié des étudiants sur la réussite et la poursuite des études universitaires," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 422(1), pages 31-50.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2009_num_422_1_8017
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2009.8017
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2009.8017
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    Cited by:

    1. Denis Fougère & Nicolas Jacquemet, 2019. "Causal Inference and Impact Evaluation," Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), issue 510-511-5, pages 181-200.
    2. Laurence Lizé & Géraldine Rieucau, 2018. "Entering a firm where one worked during ones studies [S’insérer dans une entreprise où l’on travaillait pendant les études]," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-02366058, HAL.
    3. Jean-Yves Boulin & Laurent Lesnard, 2016. "Travail dominical, usages du temps et vie sociale et familiale : une analyse à partir de l’enquête Emploi du temps," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 486(1), pages 149-182.
    4. Jamal Bouoiyour, Amal Miftah, 2015. "Migration, remittances and educational levels of household members left behind: Evidence from rural Morocco," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 12(1), pages 21-40, July.
    5. Laurence Lizé & Géraldine Rieucau, 2016. "Travailler dans une même entreprise pendant et après ses études," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01730581, HAL.
    6. Brecht Neyt & Eddy Omey & Dieter Verhaest & Stijn Baert, 2019. "Does Student Work Really Affect Educational Outcomes? A Review Of The Literature," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 896-921, July.
    7. Triventi, Moris, 2014. "Does working during higher education affect students’ academic progression?," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1-13.
    8. Grobon, Sébastien & Wolff, François-Charles, 2024. "Do public scholarships crowd out parental transfers? Evidence at the intensive margin from France," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    9. Kady Marie-Danielle Body & Liliane Bonnal & Jean-Fran篩s Giret, 2014. "Does student employment really impact academic achievement? The case of France," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(25), pages 3061-3073, September.
    10. Cedrick Kalemasi Mosengo & Christian Zamo Akono, 2024. "Effect of Informal Employment on Overeducation in Developing Countries with a focus on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)," Working Papers 24/004, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    11. Laurence Lizé & Géraldine Rieucau, 2017. "Travailler pendant ses études et s'insérer dans la vie active : premières tendances et résultats, Générations 1998, 2004 et 2010," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01730591, HAL.
    12. David Flacher & Hugo Harari-Kermadec & Léonard Moulin, 2013. "Financing higher education: a contributory scheme," Working Papers 2013/34, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    13. Jamal Bouoiyour, Amal Miftah, 2015. "Migration, remittances and educational levels of household members left behind: Evidence from rural Morocco," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 12(1), pages 21-40, July.
    14. Jekaterina Dmitrijeva & Yannick L'Horty & Loic Du Parquet & Pascale Petit, 2013. "Comment améliorer la qualité des emplois salariés exercés par les étudiants ? Les enseignements d'une expérience contrôlée," Working Papers halshs-00848539, HAL.
    15. David Flacher & Hugo Harari-Kermadec & Léonard Moulin, 2013. "Financing higher education: a contributory scheme," Working Papers 2013/34, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).

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