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L’épargne financière en prévision de la retraite : comportements de détention et montants investis

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  • Amandine Brun-Schammé
  • Michel Duée

Abstract

[eng] Saving for retirement increased slightly in France in the past decade, a trend to which recent pension-system reforms may give further momentum in the years ahead. It is therefore important to better understand the determinants of household behaviour in regard to saving and to the size of investments for retirement. The 2004 Household Assets Survey gives a picture of the situation before the August 2003 pension reform: it covers instruments held by households in anticipation of retirement and the share of such assets in their total financial portfolios. The four long-term saving vehicles studied are those for which 2004 Household Assets Survey respondents give retirement planning as one of the reasons for ownership: the Plan d’Épargne Populaire (PEP), annuity plans, securities, and retirement saving instruments proper. Ownership of long-term saving products is chiefly determined by the household’s fi nancial resources. By contrast, the decision to save for retirement and the ratio of sums invested to total fi nancial assets tend to be infl uenced by the age of the household reference person. Occupational status also plays an important role in the ownership of long-term assets for retirement. [fre] La détention d’épargne en prévision de la retraite a connu en France une légère progression au cours de la dernière décennie, tendance que les récentes réformes du système de retraite peuvent encore accentuer dans les années à venir. Il est donc important de mieux comprendre les déterminants des comportements des ménages en matière d’épargne et de montants investis en vue de la retraite. L’enquête Patrimoine permet de faire l’état des lieux, avant la réforme des retraites d’août 2003, des produits détenus par les ménages en vue de préparer leur retraite et de la part que représente cette épargne dans leur patrimoine financier. Les quatre produits d’épargne de long terme étudiés sont ceux pour lesquels l’accumulation en vue de la retraite est un des motifs de détention retenus dans l’enquête Patrimoine, à savoir: le Plan d’Épargne Populaire (PEP), l’assurance-vie en cas de vie, les valeurs mobilières et les produits d’épargne retraite proprement dits. La détention d’une épargne de long terme est essentiellement liée aux moyens fi nanciers dont dispose le ménage. En revanche, la volonté de se constituer cette épargne en vue de la retraite et la part que représente le montant investi dans le patrimoine fi nancier total sont plutôt influencées par l’âge de la personne de référence du ménage. Enfin, le statut professionnel joue également un rôle important dans la détention d’actifs de long terme en prévision de la retraite. [ger] Die Spartätigkeit für die Altersversorgung hat in Frankreich im letzten Jahrzehnt leicht zugenommen - ein Trend, den die jüngsten Reformen des Rentensystems in den kommenden Jahren noch verstärken könnten. Deshalb ist es wichtig, dass man die Determinanten der Verhaltensweisen der Haushalte im Hinblick auf ihre Spartätigkeit und ihre für die Altersversorgung investierten Summen besser versteht. Die Vermögenserhebung gibt Aufschluss über die Produkte, die die Haushalte vor der Rentenreform im August 2003 für ihre Altersversorgung besaßen, sowie über den Anteil dieser Ersparnisse an ihrem Finanzvermögen. Die vier untersuchten langfristigen Sparprodukte sind diejenigen, bei denen die Vermögensbildung zur Altersversorgung einer der in der Vermögenserhebung berücksichtigten Gründe für ihren Erwerb ist: Volkssparplan, Lebensversicherung, Wertpapiere sowie Produkte für das Rentensparen im eigentlichen Sinne. Die Bildung langfristiger Ersparnisse hängt im Wesentlichen von den fi nanziellen Mitteln ab, über die ein Haushalt verfügt. Dagegen ist für die Bereitschaft, ein Vermögen für die Altersversorgung zu bilden, und für den Anteil des investierten Betrags am gesamten Finanzvermögen eher das Alter der Bezugsperson des Haushalts ausschlaggebend. Ebenfalls eine wichtige Rolle bei der langfristigen Vermögensbildung für den Ruhestand spielt der berufl iche Status. [spa] La tenencia de ahorro en previsión de la jubilación ha conocido en Francia una ligera progresión en el transcurso de la última década, tendencia que las recientes reformas del sistema de jubilación pueden acentuar más en los años venideros. Por lo tanto, es importante entender mejor los determinantes de los comportamientos de los hogares en cuestión de ahorro y las cuantías invertidas con vistas a la jubilación. La encuesta Patrimonio permite comprobar la situación, antes de la reforma de las pensiones de agosto de 2003, de los productos de los que disponen los hogares con vistas a preparar su jubilación y la parte que representa este ahorro en su patrimonio financiero. Los cuatro productos de ahorro a largo plazo estudiados son los productos en los que la acumulación con vistas a la jubilación es uno de los motivos de tenencia considerados en el estudio Patrimonio, es decir: el Plan de Ahorro Popular (PEP), el seguro de supervivencia, los valores mobiliarios y los productos de ahorro para la jubilación propiamente dichos. La tenencia de ahorro a largo plazo está básicamente relacionada con los recursos fi nancieros de los que dispone el hogar. En cambio, la voluntad de crear este ahorro con vistas a la jubilación y la parte que representa la cuantía invertida en el patrimonio financiero total están más bien influidas por la edad de la persona de referencia del hogar. Por último, el estatus profesional también desempeña un papel importante en la tenencia de activos a largo plazo en la previsión de la jubilación.

Suggested Citation

  • Amandine Brun-Schammé & Michel Duée, 2008. "L’épargne financière en prévision de la retraite : comportements de détention et montants investis," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 417(1), pages 93-118.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2008_num_417_1_7690
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2008.7690
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2008.7690
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    References listed on IDEAS

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