IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_2007_num_405_1_7080.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

L'importance de l'environnement familial comme déterminant du travail indépendant

Author

Listed:
  • Nathalie Colombier
  • David Masclet

Abstract

[spa] La importancia del entorno familiar como determinante del trabajo independiente. La literatura económica ha discutido mucho los fundamentos microeconómicos de la decisión de elegir el estatuto de "independiente”. Varios estudios empíricos destacan el papel determinante de la situación fi nanciera, del nivel de educación y del entorno familiar. Así pues, Laferrère (1998) observa que la probabilidad de ser independiente se correlaciona positivamente al hecho de tener a uno o a sus dos padres trabajadores independientes. Varios trabajos explican esta correlación intergeneracional del trabajo independiente por la posibilidad que tienen los padres trabajadores independientes de transmitir un capital humano informal a sus hijos (Dunn y Holtz-Eakin, 2000). Este artículo se interesa más concretamente en caracterizar el papel desempeñado por el entorno familiar. Los padres no se limitan generalmente a transmitir a sus hijos competencias específi cas a un ofi cio determinado, sino también algunas aptitudes de gestión no específi cas a una profesión particular. Por lo tanto, los padres trabajadores independientes transmiten a sus hijos un "saber pensar” (aptitudes de dirección, capacidad para trabajar de forma autónoma) que facilita el ejercicio del estatuto de independiente, cualquiera que sea el ofi cio considerado. Los fundamentos microeconómicos de la decisión de elegir el estatuto de independiente difi eren según que los individuos se hayan o no benefi ciado de transmisiones intergeneracionales por parte de padres trabajadores independientes. Por ejemplo, el nivel de educación formal es más determinante para las primeras generaciones de trabajadores independientes (aquellos cuyos padres no son trabajadores independientes) que para las segundas generaciones de trabajadores independientes (aquellos cuyos padres son trabajadores independientes). [ger] In der wirtschaftlichen Fachliteratur wurde viel über die mikroökonomischen Grundlagen bei dem Entschluss diskutiert, sich "selbständig“ zu machen. Mehrere empirische Studien betonen die entscheidende Rolle der fi nanziellen Situation, des Bildungsniveaus und des familiären Umfelds. So stellt Laferrère (1998) fest, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer selbständigen Erwerbstätigkeit in einem positiven Zusammenhang mit der Tatsache steht, dass ein oder beide Elternteile selbständig sind. Mehrere Arbeiten erklären diese Korrelation der selbständigen Arbeit zwischen den Generationen mit der Möglichkeit der selbständigen Eltern, ihren Kindern ein informelles Humankapital zu übermitteln (Dunn und Holtz-Eakin, 2000). In diesem Artikel wird insbesondere auf die Rolle eingegangen, die das familiäre Umfeld spielt. Die Eltern vermitteln ihren Kindern im Allgemeinen nicht nur spezielle Fachkenntnisse eines bestimmten Berufs, sondern auch bestimmte Führungsfähigkeiten, die sich nicht auf einen besonderen Beruf beziehen. Die Eltern, die einen selbständigen Beruf ausüben, übermitteln ihren Kindern somit ein "Denkvermögen“ (Führungsfähigkeiten, eigenständiges Arbeiten), was unabhängig vom gewählten Beruf die Ausübung einer selbständigen Erwerbstätigkeit erleichtert. Die mikroökonomischen Grundlagen der Entscheidung zugunsten einer selbständigen Erwerbstätigkeit unterscheiden sich je nach dem, ob die Betroffenen von ihren selbständigen Eltern einen Transfer von Kompetenzen erhalten haben oder nicht. Beispielsweise ist das Niveau der formellen Bildung für die ersten Generationen der selbständigen Erwerbstätigen (diejenigen, deren Eltern nicht selbständig sind) entscheidender als für die zweiten Generationen der selbständigen Erwerbstätigen (diejenigen, deren Eltern selbständig sind). Die Bedeutung des familiären Umfelds als Determinante der selbständigen Arbeit [eng] Economic literature has given great prominence to the micro-economic reasons behind an individual’s decision to become "self-employed”. Several empirical studies highlight the determining role of one’s fi nancial situation, level of education and family environment. Lafferrère (1998) notes that the probability of being selfemployed is positively correlated with one or both of one’s parents being self-employed workers. Several papers explain this intergenerational correlation of self-employment by underlining the opportunity which self-employed parents have to transfer informal human capital to their children (Dunn and Holtz-Eakin, 2000). This article focuses more closely on identifying the role played by family environment. Parents on the whole are not happy merely to pass on to their children specifi c skills in a given business area, but also a number of managerial abilities which are not specifi c to a particular profession. Self-employed parents therefore pass on to their children an "ability to think” (management skills, capacity to work independently, etc), thus making it possible to work for oneself whatever the profession the child envisages. The micro-economic reasons behind the decision to become self-employed differ depending on whether the individuals have received intergenerational transfers from self-employed parents. For example, the level of formal education is more of a determiner for the fi rst generation of self-employed workers (those parents are not self-employed) than for second-generation self-employed workers (those whose parents are self-employed). The Importance of Family Environment as a Determiner of Self-Employment [fre] La littérature économique a beaucoup discuté les fondements microéconomiques de la décision de choisir le statut d' « indépendant ». Plusieurs études empiriques soulignent le rôle déterminant de la situation financière, du niveau d'éducation et de l'environnement familial. Ainsi, Laferrère (1998) observe que la probabilité d'être indépendant est positivement corrélée au fait d'avoir un ou ses deux parents travailleurs indépendants. Plusieurs travaux expliquent cette corrélation intergénérationnelle du travail indépendant par la possibilité qu'ont les parents travailleurs indépendants à transmettre un capital humain informel à leurs enfants (Dunn et Holtz-Eakin, 2000). Cet article s'attache plus particulièrement à caractériser le rôle joué par l'environnement familial. Les parents ne se contentent généralement pas de transmettre à leurs enfants des compétences spécifiques à un métier donné, mais également certaines aptitudes managériales non spécifiques à une profession particulière. Les parents travailleurs indépendants transmettent donc à leurs enfants un « savoir penser » (aptitudes de management, capacité à travailler de façon autonome) facilitant l'exercice du statut d'indépendant quel que soit le métier envisagé.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie Colombier & David Masclet, 2007. "L'importance de l'environnement familial comme déterminant du travail indépendant," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 405(1), pages 99-118.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_405_1_7080
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2007.7080
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2007.7080
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.2007.7080
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_2007_num_405_1_7080
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.2007.7080?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas & Joulfaian, David & Rosen, Harvey S, 1994. "Sticking It Out: Entrepreneurial Survival and Liquidity Constraints," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 102(1), pages 53-75, February.
    2. Blanchflower, David G & Oswald, Andrew J, 1998. "What Makes an Entrepreneur?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(1), pages 26-60, January.
    3. Chamberlain, Gary, 1984. "Panel data," Handbook of Econometrics, in: Z. Griliches† & M. D. Intriligator (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 22, pages 1247-1318, Elsevier.
    4. Douglas Holtz-Eakin & David Joulfaian & Harvey S. Rosen, 1994. "Entrepreneurial Decisions and Liquidity Constraints," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 25(2), pages 334-347, Summer.
    5. Magnac, Thierry & Robin, Jean-Marc, 1996. "Occupational choice and liquidity constraints," Ricerche Economiche, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 105-133, June.
    6. Dominique Rouault, 2001. "Les revenus des indépendants et dirigeants : la valorisation du bagage personnel," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 348(1), pages 35-59.
    7. Bruce D. Meyer, 1990. "Why Are There So Few Black Entrepreneurs?," NBER Working Papers 3537, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Carrasco, Raquel, 1999. "Transitions to and from Self-employment in Spain: An Empirical Analysis," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(3), pages 315-341, August.
    9. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-838, May.
    10. Bernard F. Lentz & David N. Laband, 1990. "Entrepreneurial Success and Occupational Inheritance among Proprietors," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 23(3), pages 563-579, August.
    11. De Wit, Gerrit & Van Winden, Frans A. A. M., 1990. "An empirical analysis of self-employment in the Netherlands," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 97-100, January.
    12. Raquel Carrasco, 1999. "Transitions to and From Self‐employment in Spain: An Empirical Analysis," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(3), pages 315-341, August.
    13. Solon, Gary, 1992. "Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(3), pages 393-408, June.
    14. Rees, Hedley & Shah, Anup, 1986. "An Empirical Analysis of Self-employment in the U.K," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 1(1), pages 95-108, January.
    15. Macpherson, David A., 1988. "Self-employment and married women," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 281-284.
    16. Thomas Lindh & Henry Ohlsson, 1998. "Self‐Employment And Wealth Inequality," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 44(1), pages 25-41, March.
    17. Dolton, Peter J & Makepeace, G H, 1990. "The Earnings of Economics Graduates," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 100(399), pages 237-250, March.
    18. Taylor, Mark P, 1996. "Earnings, Independence or Unemployment: Why Become Self-Employed?," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 58(2), pages 253-266, May.
    19. Van Praag, C Mirjam & Van Ophem, Hans, 1995. "Determinants of Willingness and Opportunity to Start as an Entrepreneur," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(4), pages 513-540.
    20. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    21. Evans, David S & Jovanovic, Boyan, 1989. "An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity Constraints," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(4), pages 808-827, August.
    22. Joseph G. Altonji & Thomas A. Dunn, 1991. "Relationships Among the Family Incomes and Labor Market Outcomes of Relatives," NBER Working Papers 3724, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Olivier Marchand, 1998. "Salariat et non-salariat dans une perspective historique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 319(1), pages 3-11.
    24. Kihlstrom, Richard E & Laffont, Jean-Jacques, 1979. "A General Equilibrium Entrepreneurial Theory of Firm Formation Based on Risk Aversion," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 87(4), pages 719-748, August.
    25. Guillermo A. Calvo & Stanislaw Wellisz, 1980. "Technology, Entrepreneurs, and Firm Size," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 95(4), pages 663-677.
    26. Evans, David S & Leighton, Linda S, 1989. "Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepreneurship," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(3), pages 519-535, June.
    27. Mundlak, Yair, 1978. "On the Pooling of Time Series and Cross Section Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 69-85, January.
    28. Zimmerman, David J, 1992. "Regression toward Mediocrity in Economic Stature," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(3), pages 409-429, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Céline Bessière & Caroline De Paoli & Muriel Roger & Bénédicte Gouraud, 2011. "Les agriculteurs et leur patrimoine : des indépendants comme les autres ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 444(1), pages 55-74.
    2. Andrew Clark & Nathalie Colombier & David Masclet, 2008. "Never the same after the first time: the satisfaction of the second‐generation self‐employed," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 29(7), pages 591-609, November.
    3. Sophie BOUTILLIER & Blandine LAPERCHE & Dimitri UZUNIDIS, 2011. "Entrepreneurs Et Reconversion Des Territoires L'Exemple De Dunkerque Milieu Industrialo-Portuaire (Nord, France) Entrepreneurs And Territories Reconstruction The Case Of The Industrial And Port Milieu," Working Papers 242, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.
    4. repec:dau:papers:123456789/11698 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Sophie BOUTILLIER & Godefroy KIZABA, 2011. "La création de très petites entreprises, territoire et relations sociales. enquête dans la région du Nord-pas de calais (France) CREATION OF VERY SMALL ENTERPRISES, TERRITORY AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ," Working Papers 244, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nathalie Colombier & David Masclet, 2008. "Intergenerational correlation in self employment: some further evidence from French ECHP data," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 30(4), pages 423-437, April.
    2. repec:cii:cepiei:2014-q2-138-2 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Yannis Georgellis & Howard Wall, 2005. "Gender differences in self-employment," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 321-342.
    4. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, December.
    5. Blanchflower, David G., 2000. "Self-employment in OECD countries," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(5), pages 471-505, September.
    6. Nadia Simoes & Nuno Crespo & Sandrina B. Moreira, 2016. "Individual Determinants Of Self-Employment Entry: What Do We Really Know?," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 783-806, September.
    7. José María Millán & Emilio Congregado & Concepción Román, 2010. "Determinants of Self-Employment Dynamics and their Implications on Entrepreneurial Policy Effectiveness," Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, Departamento de Economía, issue 72, pages 45-76.
    8. Fairlie, Robert W, 1999. "The Absence of the African-American Owned Business: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Employment," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(1), pages 80-108, January.
    9. Pfann, Gerard A. & Blumberg, Boris F., 2001. "Social Capital and the Uncertainty Reduction of Self-Employment," IZA Discussion Papers 303, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Robert W. Fairlie, 2002. "Drug Dealing and Legitimate Self-Employment," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 20(3), pages 538-567, July.
    11. Blanchflower, David G & Oswald, Andrew J, 1998. "What Makes an Entrepreneur?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(1), pages 26-60, January.
    12. Earle, John S. & Sakova, Zuzana, 1999. "Entrepreneurship from Scratch: Lessons on the Entry Decision into Self-Employment from Transition Economies," IZA Discussion Papers 79, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Sarah Brown & Lisa Farrell & Mark N. Harris & John G. Sessions, 2006. "Risk preference and employment contract type," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 169(4), pages 849-863, October.
    14. Pekka Ilmakunnas & Vesa Kanniainen, 2001. "Entrepreneurship, Economic Risks, and Risk Insurance in the Welfare State: Results with OECD Data 1978–93," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 2(3), pages 195-218, August.
    15. Alice Mesnard & Martin Ravallion, 2006. "The Wealth Effect on New Business Startups in a Developing Economy," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 73(291), pages 367-392, August.
    16. Sascha G. Walter & Achim Walter, 2009. "Personenbezogene Determinanten von Unternehmensgründungen: Stand der Forschung und Perspektiven des Fortschritts," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 57-89, February.
    17. Y Georgellis & J G Sessions & N Tsitsianis, 2005. "Self-Employment Longitudinal Dynamics: A Review of the Literature," Economic Issues Journal Articles, Economic Issues, vol. 10(2), pages 51-84, September.
    18. Martínez-Granado, Maite, 1998. "Self-employment and labour market transitions: a multiple state model," UC3M Working papers. Economics 4159, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    19. Ellen R. Rissman, 2003. "Self-employment as an alternative to unemployment," Working Paper Series WP-03-34, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    20. Guillaume Destré & Valentine Henrard, 2004. "The determinants of occupational choice in Colombia: an empirical analysis," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques bla04065a, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    21. Rachel G. Childers, 2011. "Being One'S Own Boss: How Does Risk Fit In?," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 56(1), pages 48-58, May.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_405_1_7080. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.