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Après le bac professionnel ou technologique : la poursuite d'études jusqu'à bac + 2 et sa rentabilité salariale en début de vie active

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  • Stéphanie Moullet

Abstract

[fre] Le rendement salarial que les bacheliers professionnels et technologiques peuvent attendre de la poursuite de leurs études dépend de leur réussite, incertaine, au diplôme de niveau bac + 2. Le calcul de ce rendement est fondé sur le supplément de salaire que pourraient escompter ces bacheliers, compte tenu de leurs caractéristiques individuelles, s'ils poursuivaient leurs études en cas de réussite au niveau du diplôme bac + 2, ou sans obtenir de titre plus élevé. En tenant exclusivement compte de l'incertitude liée au risque d'échec au diplôme et au risque de chômage, les bacheliers professionnels qui poursuivent leurs études peuvent espérer après trois ans de vie active un supplément moyen de salaire de 5,6 % relativement à ceux qui arrêtent leur formation initiale au bac, de + 10,6 % pour les bacheliers technologiques. Néanmoins, pour ces derniers, les caractéristiques des deux groupes (arrêt des études ou poursuite avec succès) diffèrent, et une simulation de la poursuite d'études pour les simples bacheliers ne leur attribue qu'un gain de 3,2 % en cas de succès au diplôme de bac + 2. Le rendement simulé de la poursuite d'études diplômantes par les bacheliers sortant immédiatement après leur réussite au bac professionnel est du même ordre de grandeur que celui obtenu par ceux qui ont effectivement poursuivi et réussi au niveau bac + 2 (autour de 13 %). L'avantage retiré de la poursuite d'études tiendrait alors essentiellement à une meilleure rémunération des caractéristiques individuelles analogues à celles de ceux qui ont effectivement poursuivi et réussi au niveau bac + 2. Les bacheliers professionnels qui n'ont pas poursuivi au-delà auraient pu avoir intérêt à le faire, et ce même dans le cas d'un cursus non sanctionné par un diplôme (le rendement serait alors de 5,2 %). Ces résultats reposent néanmoins sur l'hypothèse que les informations disponibles suffisent pour caractériser l'homogénéité ou la dissemblance des populations étudiées. [ger] Zweijähriges Studium nach dem Berufs-oder Technologieabitur und dessen lohnmaBiger Vorteil zu Beginn des Erwerbslebens . . Welchen lohnmaBigen Nutzen die Absolventen eines Fachabiturs aus einen'l anschlieBenden zweijahrigen Studium ziehen, hangt vom Bestehen des Diploms ab. Die Berechnung dieses Nutzens basiert auf dem zusatzlichen Lohn, den diese Abiturienten aufgrund ihrer individuellen Merkmale erwarten konnten, wenn sie nach Bestehen dieses Diploms weiter studieren oder kein hoheres Diplom erwerben. Unter ausschlieBlicher Berücksichtigung der Unsicherheit im Hinblick auf das Nichtbestehen des Diploms oder die Arbeitslosigkeit konnen die Inhaber eines Berufsabiturs, die ihre Ausbildung fortsetzen, nach drei Jahren Erwerbstatigkeit mit einem durchschnittlichen Lohnzuwachs von 5,6% gegenüber denen, die ihre Erstausbildung mit dem Abitur abschlieBen, und die Inhaber eines Technologieabiturs von 10,6% rechnen. Bei Letzteren unterscheiden sich jedoch die Merkmale der beiden Gruppen (Beendigung der Ausbildung oder erfolgreiches Studium), sodass bei einer Simulation des Studiums die Inhaber lediglich eines Abiturs nur einen Zugewinn von 3,2% im Falle des Bestehens des Diploms nach einem zweijahrigen Studium erlangen. Der simulierte Nutzen des Erwerbs eines Studienabschlusses für die Abiturienten, die unmittelbar nach Abschluss des Berufsgymnasiums ins Erwerbsleben eintreten, ist dagegen gleich groB wie bei denjenigen, die ein zweijahriges Studium absolvierten und erfolgreich abschlossen (etwa 13%). Demnach bestünde der Vorteil eines Studiums im Wesentlichen in einer besseren Vergütung der individuellen Merkmale, die denen derjenigen entsprechen, die ein zweijahriges Studium absolvierten und erfolgreieh abschlossen. Die Inhaber eines Berufsabiturs, die danach nicht weiter studierten, hatten aber gut getan, dies zu tun, auch ohne Erwerb eines Diploms (der Nutzen lage bei 5,2%). Diese Ergebnisse basieren allerdings auf der Hypothese, dassdieverfügbarenlnformationenzurCharakterisierung der Homogenitat oder Unterschiedlichkeit der untersuchten Populationen ausreichen. [spa] Tras el bachillerato profesional o tecnológico: la continuaci6n de estudios durante dos anos y su rentabilidad salarial al iniciar la vida activa . . El rendimiento salarial que pueden alcanzar los bachilIeres profesionales y tecnolégicos como consecuencia de sus estudios depende de la obtencién, incierta, de la titulacién de nivel bachiller + 2. El calculo de dicho rendimiento se basa en el suplemento salarial con el que podrfan contar estos bachilleres, conforme a sus caracterfsticas particulares, en casa de continuar sus estudios tras la obtencién de la titulacién de nivel bachiller + 2,0 sin la obtencién dei grade mas elevado. Teniendo como (mica incertidumbre el. riesgo de no obtener la titulacién y, por ende, un empleo, los bachilIeres profesionales que continuan sus estudios pueden esperar, tras tres anos de vida activa, un promedia de 5,6 % mas en su salario que el de aquéllos que suspenden su formacién inicial de bachillerato, mas de 10,6 % para los bachilleres tecnolégicos. No obstante, para estos ultimos, las caracterfsticas de los dos grupos (suspensién de estudios 0 continuacién con éxito) difieren, siendo asf que la continuacién de los estudios sélo atribuye un incremento de 3,2 % a los simples bachilleres en casa de obtener la titulacién de nivel bachiller + 2. Por el contrario, el rendimiento proyectado de la continuacién de estudios sancionados con bachilleres egresados, después de haber obtenido inmediatamente el bachillerato profesional, es de una orden de magnitud similar a la conseguida por aquéllos que han continuado y obtenido el nivel bachiller + 2 (alrededor de 13 %). La ventaja en la continuacién de estudios conlIevarfa principalmente una mejor remuneracién de las caracteristicas individuales analogas a las de aquéllos que han continuado y obtenido el nivel bachiller + 2. Los bachilleres profesionales que no han proseguido con otros estudios hubieran podido estar interesados en hacerlo, yeso mismo en el casa de estudios universitarios en los que no se concede titulacién (el rendimiento serfa asf de 5,2 %). No obstante, dichos resultados se basan en la hipétesis de que basta con las informaciones disponibles para caracterizar la homogeneidad 0 la diferencia de las poblaciones estudiadas. [eng] After the Professional or Technological Baccalauréat: Wage Return at the Start of Working Life for Holders of a 2-Year Higher Education Diploma (Bac + 2) . . The wage return professional or technological baccalauréat holders can expect depends on whether or not they obtain a 2-year higher education diploma (Bac + 2). This return is calculated according to the wage supplement they can expect to receive (taking into account individual characteristics) if they continue their studies beyond the 2-year higher education diploma, or if no further qualification is obtained. Allowing for uncertainty, stemming from the risk of diploma failure and unemployment, after three years of working Iife professional baccalauréat holders who continue their studies can hope to obtain an average salary supplement of 5.6% compared with those who stopped their initial training at baccalauréat level, a figure that rises to 10.6% for technological baccalauréat holders. However, when the differing characteristics of these two groups (Le. those who stop studying and those who continue their studies with success) are taken into account, baccalauréat holders obtaining a 2-year higher education diploma can expect a wage supplement of just 3.2%. Studies have shown, however, that there is no difference between the wage return to professional baccalauréat holders pursuing further qualifications and the wage return to those who have actually studied for and obtained the 2-year higher education diploma (around 13%). Those who continue their studies would be rewarded with better pay in recognition of individual characteristics which are similar to those characteristics of holders of a 2-year higher education diploma. Professional baccalauréat holders who have not continued to this level would have been weil advised to have done so, since even for courses not leading to a qualification the wage return would be 5.2%. These results, however, depend upon the assumption that there is sufficient information available to characterise the similarities and differences of the populations studied.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphanie Moullet, 2005. "Après le bac professionnel ou technologique : la poursuite d'études jusqu'à bac + 2 et sa rentabilité salariale en début de vie active," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 388(1), pages 15-36.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2005_num_388_1_7168
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2005.7168
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2005.7168
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    2. Nicolas Gury, 2011. "Dropping out of higher education in France: a micro-economic approach using survival analysis," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 51-64.

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