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Un réexamen de la mesure de la pauvreté

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  • Josiane Vero
  • Patrick Werquin

Abstract

[eng] School Leaver Employment and Poverty: A Review of the Poverty Measurement . Poverty is typically defined with reference to a level, below which people are poor and above which they are not. Yet setting this level entails various problems, which can be largely overcome by reasoning in terms of fuzzy sets. The use of a progressive scale therefore provides a better explanation of individuals' situations in relation to poverty. This article's analysis is in keeping with a multidimensional notion of poverty drawing on living-condition, monetary and subjective indicators. It applies to a sample of 1 994 school leavers with qualifications below or equal to the baccalauréat. It evaluates how their initial education and career paths affect their level of poverty. Nearly two years after leaving school, the periods unemployed or out of the labour force contribute more to increasing their poverty than the periods of employment distance them from it. [ger] Eingliederung der Jugendlichen und Armut Eine erneute Prufung der Armutsmessung . Armut wird in der Regel in bezug auf einen Grenzwert definiert, unterhalb dessen man arm ist und oberhalb dessen man es nicht ist. Die Festlegung eines solchen Grenzwerts bringt jedoch vielfâltige Problème mit sich. Durch den Rùckgriff auf die Logik des Fuzzy Set làBt sich diese Schwierigkeit zum groBen Teil eliminieren. Die Verwendung einer graduellen Skala gibt dann mehr Auskunft uber die Situation der Personen im Verhàltnis zur Armut. . Die nachfolgende Analyse reiht sich in eine mehrdimensionale Konzeption der Armut ein, bei der Indikatoren der Lebensbedingungen, der Einkommensverhâltnisse sowie subjektive Aspekte benutzt werden. Sie kommt bei einer Stichprobe von Jugendlichen zur Anwendung, die 1994 das Schulsystem mit einem AbschluB, der hôchstens dem Abitur entspricht, verlieBen. Sie bewertet die Auswirkungen, die ihre Erstausbildung und ihr Werdegang auf dem Arbeitsmarkt auf den Grad ihrer Armut haben. Nahezu zwei Jahre nach dem Ende ihrer Ausbildung trâgt die Erwerbslosigkeit oder die Arbeitslosigkeit mehr zur Kennzeichnung ihrer Armut bei, als die Ausubung einer Erwerbstâtigkeit sie davon entfernt. [spa] Inserciôn de los jôvenes y pobreza Un nuevo enfoque de la mediciôn de la pobreza . Se suele définir la pobreza por referencia a un umbral : a este lado se es pobre, al otro no. La determination de semejante umbral plantea sin embargo numerosos problemas. El hecho de recurrir a la lôgica de los conjuntos imprecisos permite superar en parte esta dificultad. El uso de una escala gradual da buena cuenta de la situation de los individuos frente a la pobreza. El anâlisis que viene a continuation participa de una conception multidimensional de la pobreza que se vale de indicadores de condiciones de vida, monetarios y subjetivos. Se aplica a una selecciôn de jôvenes que salieron del sistema educativo en 1994 con una formation, a todo lo mas, igual al bachillerato. Va evaluando el impacto en el grado de pobreza de su formaciôn inicial y de su recorrido por el mercado laboral. A los dos arïos de acabar los estudios, los pasos de estos jôvenes por la inactividad o el paro determinan mâs su pobreza que no les alejan de esta sus pasos por el empleo. [fre] Un réexamen de la mesure de la pauvreté Comment s'en sortent les jeunes en phase d'insertion ? . La pauvreté est habituellement définie par référence à un seuil : en deçà on est pauvre, au-delà on ne l'est pas. La fixation d'un tel seuil pose toutefois de multiples problèmes. Re- courir à la logique des ensembles flous permet de s'affranchir en grande partie de cette difficulté. L'utilisation d'une échelle graduelle rend alors mieux compte de la situation des personnes par rapport à la pauvreté. L'analyse qui suit s'inscrit dans une conception multidimen- sionnelle de la pauvreté qui utilise des indicateurs de conditions de vie, monétaires et subjectifs. Elle s'applique à un échantillon de jeunes sortis en 1 994 du système éducatif avec une formation au plus égale au baccalauréat. Elle évalue l'impact sur leur degré de pauvreté, de leur formation initiale et de leur parcours sur le marché du travail. Près de deux ans après la fin des études, les passages par l'inactivité ou le chômage contribuent plus à marquer leur pauvreté que les passages en emploi ne les en éloignent.

Suggested Citation

  • Josiane Vero & Patrick Werquin, 1998. "Un réexamen de la mesure de la pauvreté," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 308(1), pages 143-158.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_308_1_2595
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2595
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2595
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    1. Susan E. Mayer & Christopher Jencks, 1989. "Poverty and the Distribution of Material Hardship," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 24(1), pages 88-114.
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    1. Chantal Mveh-Abia & Yves Emvudu & Eric Kokomo, 2018. "Measurement of the monetary poverty in Cameroon using fuzzy measure theory," Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 7(4), pages 1-3.

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