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Quelles perspectives pour la mobilité du travail ?

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  • Sophie Mantel

Abstract

[spa] Qué perspectivas para la movilidad del trabajo en la UEM? . La integraciôn creciente de las economîas europeas en el seno de la UEM deberia de otorgarle un papel importante a la movilidad del trabajo en la atenuaciôn de los choques régionales. En la prâctica, esta movilidad, débil por motivos eu Itu raies, no deberîa de evolucionar mucho en la Comunidad Europea a corto o medio plazo. Podrîan aparecer empero unos riesgos de migraciones déséquilibrantes para la mano de obra muy cualificada. Los esfuerzos de la Comisiôn de las Comunidades europeas apuntan a suprimir los obstâculos institucionales y, entre todos, aquellos ligados a problemas de cobertura social. Pero los procedimientos de armonizaciôn siguen demorândose. Por otra parte el alto nivel de prestaciôn por desempleo en numerosos paîses socios, con comparaciôn a los Estados Unidos, favorece menos la movilidad de la mano de obra. El reequilibraje no parece tener que adoptar esta via, sino mâs bien la de una mayor movilidad del capital. [fre] Quelles perspectives pour la mobilité du travail dans l'UEM ? . L'intégration croissante des économies européennes au sein de l'UEM devrait conférer un rôle important à la mobilité du travail dans la résorption des chocs régionaux. En pratique, cette mobilité, faible pour des raisons culturelles, ne devrait pas beaucoup évoluer dans la Communauté européenne, à court, voire à moyen terme. Cependant, pour la main-d'œvre très qualifiée, des risques de migrations déséquilibrantes pourraient apparaître. . Les efforts de la Commission des Communautés européennes visent à supprimer les obstacles institutionnels, en particulier ceux liés aux questions de couverture sociale. Mais les procédures d'harmonisation restent lentes. Par ailleurs, le haut niveau des prestations de chômage dans de nombreux pays membres, notamment en comparaison avec les États-Unis, y incite moins à la mobilité de la main-d'oeuvre. Au total, le rééquilibrage régional ne semble donc pas devoir passer par cette voie, mais peut-être par une mobilité accrue du capital. [ger] Die WWU und die Perspektiven fur die Arbeitsmobilitàt . Aufgrund der zunehmenden Integration der europàischen Volkswirtschaften innerhalb der WWU wird der Arbeitsmobilitàt bei der Abfederung regionaler Erschutterungen sicherlich eine wichtige Rolle zukommen. Kurz- oder mittelfristig wird sich jedoch diese aus kulturellen Grùnden noch recht schwache Mobilitât in der Europàischen Gemeinschaft wahrscheinlich kaum verstârken. Allerdings besteht die Gefahr, daft es bei den sehr qualifizierten Arbeitnehmern zu Wanderungs- bewegungen kommt, die Ungleichgewichte verursachen kônnten. . Die EG-Kommission bemuht sich zwar, die institutionellen Hindernisse, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der sozialen Sicherheit, zu beseitigen; doch kommt die Harmon isierung hier nur langsam voran. Das hohe Niveau der Arbeitslosenunterstutzung in zahlreichen Mitgliedsstaaten, insbesondere im Vergleich zu den Vereinigten Staaten, stellt fur die Arbeitnehmer nur ein geringer Anreiz zur Mobilitât dar. Somit scheint sich der Abbau der regionalen Ungleichgewichte nicht auf diesem Wege, sondern vielleicht eher ùber eine verstàrkte Kapitalmobilitât erreichen zu lassen. [eng] What Are the Prospects for Labour Mobility Under EMU ? . The growing integration of European economies under EMU should give labour mobility an important role in the absorption of regional shocks. In practice, this mobility, which is low for cultural reasons, will probably not develop to any great extent within the European Community in the short or even the long term. However, risks of destabilizing migrations could appear among the highly qualified labour force. . The Commission of the European Communities aims to eliminate institutional obstacles, especially those connected with social security issues. However, harmonization procedures remain long and drawn out. Moreover, the high level of unemployment benefits in many Member States, especially in comparison with the United States, is even less of an incentive for labour force mobility. Overall, regional rebalancing need not be attained in this way, but may possibly be achieved through increased capital mobility.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Mantel, 1993. "Quelles perspectives pour la mobilité du travail ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 262(1), pages 111-121.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1993_num_262_1_5728
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1993.5728
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1993.5728
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    1. Yvon Rocaboy, 1997. "Politiques de redistribution décentralisées et concurrence sociale," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 128(2), pages 131-143.
    2. Jean Bensaid & Stéphane Jacobzone & Gérard Lattes, 1993. "Protection sociale et politiques redistributives dans le contexte de l'UEM," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 262(1), pages 87-99.
    3. Hélène Erkel-Rousse, 1997. "Degré de flexibilité des marchés du travail, ajustement à des chocs asymétriques et union monétaire européenne," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 128(2), pages 79-100.

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