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La rentabilité bancaire de 1978 à 1988

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  • Michel-André Lévy

Abstract

[eng] Banking Profitability from 1978 to 1988 - After substantial growth from 1978 to 1982, the profitability of banks, measured by their Net Bank Proceeds, was at a standstill until 1985, then it started spiraling up again. On the whole, it has increased steeply over the last decade. As a result, banks have a growing margin between the interest they collect and that they pay. . The rise of Net Banking Proceeds was more or less steady between 1978 and 1988, but its determining factors changed over that period. Two effects can be distinguished: on the one hand, the « rate effect » according to which bank performance improves when interest rates rise; on the other hand, the « activity effect » makes their profitability rise with their volume of activity while at the same time it remains influenced by the changes in the structure of this activity. . Until 1982, the rate effect was predominant: the increase in interest rates led to an improvement in bank profitability. Simultaneously, the positive effect of the growth of . a bank's volume of activity was compensated by a drop jn its interest margin due to a change in the structure of its balance sheet. As a result, the activity effect was not important. . Between 1982 and 1985, the drop in interest rates (an unfavorable rate effect) and in margin rates (an unfavorable activity effect), canceled the favorable effects of the growth in the volume of bank activity. Hence, the Net Bank Proceeds stagnated. . On the contrary, after 1985, the activity effect became the essential factor; the changes in the structure of a bank's balance sheet was not as domaging to its interest margin and thus the beneficial effect of the growth of their volume of activity was visible. The rate effect was negative until 1987 because of the drop in interest rates. In 1988, the fact that interest rates started rising again had the same result as the activity effect, and hence, Net Bank Proceeds increased steeply. [fre] La rentabilidad bancaria de 1978 à 1988 - La rentabilidad de los bancos, que se évalua a través del Producto Neto Bancario, aumentó considerablemente entre 1978 y 1982, se estabilizó de 1 982 a 1 985 y a partir de esta fecha, ha vuelto a crecer de mariera significativa. Globalmente su crecimiento ha sido importante durante los últimos diez anos. Entre los intereses percibidos y los pagados, las bancas obtienen márgenes de beneficio en aumento. . El alza del Producto Neto Bancario ha sido en lineas générales, regular entre 1978 y 1988 pero los factores que determinaron el alza han evolucionado durante este periodo. Deben distinguirse dos factores : por una parte el "efecto tasa" según el cual los resultados de los bancos mejoran con el aumento de las tasas de interés y por otra parte el "efecto corriente" según el cual la rentabilidad aumenta con el volumen de la actividad observando esto sin embargo una cierta dependencia con respecto a la evolución de la estructura de las actividades. . Hasta 1982 el "efecto tasa" predomina : el alza de las tasas de interés trae aparejado el aumento de la rentabilidad de los bancos. Al mismo tiempo el efecto positivo del aumento del volumen de actividad se ve equilibrado con la reducción del margen de interés debido a la evolución de la estructura del balance. El "efecto corriente" es por lo tanto bajo. . De 1982 a 1985, la disminución de las tasas de interés ("efecto tasa" desfavorable) y la de las tasas margen ("efecto corriente" desfavorable) anularon los efectos favorables del crecimiento del volumen de actividades de los bancos. El Producto Neto Bancario no creció. . A partir de 1985, el "efecto corriente" es prevalente : la evolución de la estructura del balance no afecta tanto los márgenes de interés, el efecto positivo del aumento del volumen de actividades surge así claramente. El "efecto tasa" continua siendo negativo hasta 1987 dada la disminución de las tasas de interés. Pero en 1988, estas vuelven a aumentar, su impacto se conjuga con el del "efecto corriente". En consecuencia el Producto Neto Bancario vuelve a crecer de manera significativa.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel-André Lévy, 1990. "La rentabilité bancaire de 1978 à 1988," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 234(1), pages 33-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_234_1_5475
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5475
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5475
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