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L'industrie française de biens d'investissement : une conjoncture favorable mais des handicaps persistants

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  • Michel Husson

Abstract

[eng] The French Capital Goods Industry. A Favorable Economic Environment but Persistent Handicaps - In the eighties, the French capital goods industry, like the rest of the manufacturing industry, revealed structural weaknesses. It was less efficient than that of its major foreign rivals and no French group was among the most important in Europe or the world. French positions weakened in a world market dominated by West Germany and Japan. The balance in the trade of capital goods showed a deficit which was more than 35 billion French Francs in 1989 and the cover rats dropped from 125% in 1979 to 84% in 1989, mainly because of on unfavorable geographic specialization. . In addition, as the domestic demand for capital goods had been depressed for a long time, there was some delay on the supply side, particularly concerning the updating of the productive capacity, the recovery of profit- making and the qualification of employees. That is the reason why there will be a time-lag before domestic production profits by the recovery of investment. The latter, even though it will first contribute to increasing the deficit, should, in the long term, start off a favorable chain of events which will, among other things, improve the supply factors. [spa] La industria francesa de bienes de inversión. Coyuntura favorable pero dificultades persistentes - Durante los anfos ochenta la industria francesa de bienes de inversión ha revelado, como toda la industria de manufactura, fragilidades estructurales. Es meno eficiente que sus principales competidores extranjeros. Ningún grupo francés figura entre los primeros, sea a nivel international o mundial. Las posiciones francesas se han visto debilitadas en un mercado mundial dominado por la R.F.A. y el Japon. El saldo de los intercambios de bienes de inversion presenta un deficit superior a 35.000 millones de francos en 1989, el fndice de garantía ha pasado de 125 % en 1979 a 84 % en 1989 debido, principalmente a una especialización geográfica desfavorable. . Además, una demanda interna largo tiempo deprimida ha inducido ciertos retrasos por parte de la oferta, principalmente en lo que concierne a la modernización de la capacidad de producción, el restablecimiento de la rentabilidad y la calificación de los asalariados. Por todas estas razones, la producción nacional beneficiará de la reactivación del sector de la inversión con un cierto desfasaje. Esta reactivación, que contribuye sin duda alguna a aumentar el deficit en un primer tiempo, deberia permitir, en un cierto plazo, lanzar una dinámica positiva a través principalmente de una mejora de los factures de la oferta. [fre] Au cours des années quatre-vingt, l'industrie française des biens d'investissement a, comme l'ensemble de l'industrie manufacturière, révélé des faiblesses structurelles. Elle est moins performante que celle de ses principaux concurrents étrangers et aucun groupe français ne figure parmi les plus importants au niveau européen et mondial. Les positions françaises se sont affaiblies sur un marché mondial dominé par la RFA et le Japon. Le solde des échanges de biens d'investissement présente un déficit de plus de 35 milliards de francs en 1989 et le taux de couverture s'est dégradé passant de 125 % en 1979 à 84 % en 1989, essentiellement à cause d'une spécialisation géographique défavorable. En outre, une demande interne de biens d'investissement durablement déprimée a contribué à retarder un certain nombre d'ajustements, notamment en matière de rajeunissement des capacités de production, de rétablissement de la rentabilité et de qualification des salariés. C'est pourquoi la production nationale ne pourra bénéficier qu'avec un certain décalage de la reprise de l'investissement. Celle-ci, qui certes contribue dans un premier temps au creusement du déficit, devrait enclencher à terme un cercle vertueux passant notamment par l'amélioration des facteurs d'offre.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Husson, 1990. "L'industrie française de biens d'investissement : une conjoncture favorable mais des handicaps persistants," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 234(1), pages 13-23.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_234_1_5471
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5471
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5471
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