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Les écarts de coûts salariaux entre secteurs industriels dans six pays de l'OCDE

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre Concialdi
  • François Guillaumat-Tailliet
  • Laurent Vassille

Abstract

[fre] A l'exception de la France et de l'Italie, les disparités sectorielles de coûts salariaux se sont renforcées depuis quinze ans. Ce mouvement a été particulièrement vif aux Etats-Unis et au Royaume-Uni, et plus modéré en Allemagne et au Japon. . L'ampleur de ces disparités varie fortement d'un pays à l'autre, même si la hiérarchie des secteurs d'activité reste assez voisine. En d'autres termes, si les secteurs peuvent être ordonnés selon une même échelle, l'écart moyen entre chaque barreau sera plus ou moins important entre chaque pays. Aux Etats-Unis et au Japon ces disparités de coûts salariaux entre secteurs industriels sont plus fortes qu'en Europe. . Les différences de structures de qualification expliquent une grande partie des écarts de coûts salariaux. En France et en Allemagne notamment, les salariés des secteurs employant la main-d'oeuvre la plus qualifiée sont, à qualification égale, mieux rémunérés que ceux des secteurs employant un personnel moins qualifié. Il existe ainsi, dans ces secteurs à coûts salariaux élevés, une sorte de prime à la qualification qui s'accompagne d'un haut niveau de productivité. . Le lien entre coût salarial et productivité s'avère en revanche assez lâche. En niveau, la dispersion des productivités n'explique celle des coûts salariaux que dans le bas de l'échelle. En évolution, l'influence de la productivité est significative, mais de faible intensité. La variation des effectifs dans chaque secteur n'a qu'un impact limité. [eng] The Differences in Wage Cost in Various Industrial Sectors of Six OECD Countries - With the exception of France and Italy, the differences between wage cost in various sectors have become wider over the last fifteen years. This evolution has been particularly acute in the USA and the United Kingdom, and more moderate in Germany and Japan. . The extent of these differences varies greatly from one country to the next, even though the hierarchy of the various sectors of activity is almost similar. In other words, even though the sectors can be ordered on the same scale, the average difference between levels will vary for each country. In the USA and Japan, the differences between wage cost in various industrial sectors are higher than in Europe. . The differences in the distribution of qualified labor accounts largely for the differences between wage cost. . For instance, in France and Germany, the wage-earners working in sectors employing the highest qualified labor are, for the same level of qualification, better paid than those working in sectors employing less-qualified workers. Thus, in sectors with high wage cost, qualification obtains a sort of bonus which accompanies a high level of productitivity. . On the other hand, the link between wage cost and productivity is rather weak. In hierarchical terms, the distribution of productivity accounts for wage cost only at the bottom of the scale. In terms of evolution, the influence of productivity is noticeable, but not very high. The variation in the numbers of wage earners within each sector has only a limited impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Concialdi & François Guillaumat-Tailliet & Laurent Vassille, 1990. "Les écarts de coûts salariaux entre secteurs industriels dans six pays de l'OCDE," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 229(1), pages 53-62.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_229_1_5421
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5421
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5421
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