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La formation du chômage dans les années trente

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  • Robert Salais

Abstract

[spa] La formación del desempleo moderno en los anos del treinta - El desempleo moderno es el producto de dos procesos sociales que interfieren sin confundirse: industrialización y urbanización. La posición de desocupado se constituye al mismo tiempo que la relación salarial en la g ran empresa. Esta se caracteriza por una nueva organización del tiempo y por un nuevo tipo de vínculo, más institucional, que se establece entre obrero y empresa. La necesidad de reducir el número de trabajadores industriales significa entonces, durante la crisis de los años del treinta, despido y desempleo. Mas la emergencia de la categoría de desocupados depende también de procedimientos sociales de registro. Estos existen en las urbes, mediante la actividad de los fondos de asistencia. Por lo tanto, es en las urbes que la intervención estatal, así como la de los municipios y de los sindicatos, por medio y en torno a dichos fondos de asistencia, formaliza la posición de desocupaddo. [eng] The Formation of Modern Unemployment in the 1930s - Modern unemployment is the outcome of two social processes which interact, yet which are not identical : industrialization and urbanization. The position of the unemployed individual was defined at the same time as was the position of wage-earners within large firms. This was characterized by a new organization of work time and by a new kind of relationship, more collective and institutional, between the worker and the firm. The need to cut back on industrial staff then meant, in the crisis of the 1930s, lay-offs and unemployment. However, the emergence of the category of the unemployed also depended on social procedures of registration. This existed in cities, through the activity of relief funds. Also, it was in cities that the intervention of the state and city government and trade unions, through or in connection with these relief funds, gave a definite form to the position of the unemployed. [fre] La formation du chômage moderne dans les années trente . Robert Salais . Le chômage moderne est le produit de deux processus sociaux qui interfèrent sans se confondre : l'industrialisation et l'urbanisation. La position de chômeur se constitue en même temps que le rapport salarial dans la grande entreprise. Celui-ci se caractérise par une nouvelle organisation du temps et par le nouveau type de lien, plus collectif et plus institutionnel, qui s'établit entre l'ouvrier et l'entreprise. La nécessité de réduire les effectifs industriels signifie alors, dans la crise des années trente, licenciement et chômage. . Mais l'émergence de la catégorie de chômeurs dépend aussi de procédures sociales d'enregistrement. Celles-ci sont en place dans les villes, par l'activité des fonds de secours. Aussi est-ce surtout là que l'intervention de l'État, des municipalités et des syndicats, par et autour de ces fonds de secours, donne forme à la position de chômeur.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Salais, 1983. "La formation du chômage dans les années trente," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 155(1), pages 15-28.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1983_num_155_1_4748
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1983.4748
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1983.4748
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