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Aides, donations, héritages

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  • Denis Kessler

Abstract

[fre] Deux enquêtes par sondage réalisées par le CREP ont permis, l'une de déterminer la diffusion des transferts patrimoniaux, l'autre de caractériser ceux-ci. 25 % des ménages ont consenti au moins une aide ou une donation à leurs enfants, 42 % ont reçu au moins une aide, une donation ou un héritage. Encore faut-il tenir compte des effets de génération qui viendront à terme relever ces pourcentages. En effet aides et donations deviennent plus fréquentes chez les jeunes ménages. Le patrimoine légué s'accroît, mais il est souvent fractionné et attribué progressivement. Il est alors intéressant de déterminer le cycle de transmission patrimoniale. L'aide est attribuée en général avant 25 ans et dure en moyenne cinq ans, la donation avant 35 ans ou après 45 ans, enfin un héritage sur trois est reçu avant 40 ans. Si l'aide et la donation peuvent être substituables, l'existence d'une aide annonce souvent une donation, ou un héritage ou même les deux. L'inégalité de transmission ne fait que refléter l'inégalité de détention. L'analyse est enfin complétée par les espérances de transmissions selon les catégories socioprofessionnelles, selon l'âge ou les transferts déjà reçus. [eng] Two sample surveys were recently completed by the CREP. The first tried to determine the extent of transference of estate in France, while the second attempted to define the nature of such transfers. It emerged that 25 % of households provided children with financial assistance or gifts, while 40 % received either financial aid, gifts, or an inheritance. However, it must be borne in mind that a certain generation lag will, in the long run, increase these percentages. Financial assistance and gifts are, in effect, becoming more frequent among younger households. Thus, though the amount of estate being transferred is growing, it is segmented and is transferred in successive stages, and a definite transference cycle can be determined. Financial aid is generally provided to children under 25 and lasts, on the average, five years. Gifts are generally given to children aged under 35 or over 45, and, lastly, one out of three inheritances is received before the age of forty. Financial assistance and gifts can be considered as interchangeable; however, financial aid is often followed by a gift, an inheritance, or both. Inequalities of transference only reflect the inequalities of wealth. The analysis closes with a study of the probability of transference in terms of social and professionnal categories, age, or transfers already received. [spa] Dos encuestas por muestreo, llevadas a cabo por el CREP, permitieron, la una determinar la extension de las transferencias patrimoniales, la otra, el caraterizarlas. Un 25 % de los hogares concedió, a lo mfnimo, una ayuda o una donación a sus hijos, un 42 % se vió favorecido a lo menos por una donación o una herencia. Mas es imprescindible tener en cuenta los efectos de generación que pueden en tiempo oportuno incrementar dichos porcentajes. En efecto, ayudas y donaciones se verifican de día en día más frecuentes con relación a hogares juveniles. Si el patrimonio heredado se va incrementando, se fracciona por lo tanto y se va concendiendo progresivamente. Résulta entonces interesante determinar el ciclo de transferencia patrimonial. Por lo general, la ayuda se concede antes de los 25 anos y su duración media es de 5 anos, la donación antes de los 35 anos o después de los 45 anos; finalmente, de cada très herencias, una se adquiere antes de los 40 anos. Si la ayuda o la donación son substituibles, la existencia de una ayuda presupone con frecuencia una donación, o una herencia, o incluso am bas. La desigualdad de transferencia no hace más que reflejar la desigualdad de propiedad. Finalmente se compléta el análisis por la esperanza de transferencias según categoria socioprofesional, edad o transferencias ya llevadas a efecto.

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Kessler, 1979. "Aides, donations, héritages," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 107(1), pages 31-51.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1979_num_107_1_2690
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1979.2690
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1979.2690
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