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Les catégories sociales en 1975 : l'extension du salariat

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  • Laurent Thévenot

Abstract

[fre] Entre 1968 et 1975, les transformations de la population active se sont effectuées dans le prolongement des tendances passées, tel est le premier enseignement du recensement de la population qui a été réalisé en février de l'année 1975. La première partie de cet article destinée à brosser un tableau d'ensemble des évolutions, souligne combien certains mouvements se sont accélérés ces dernières années comparés aux rythmes passés; en tout premier lieu, la diminution extrêmement rapide des agriculteurs comme des patrons et commerçants ou des aides familiaux; également et a contrario le développement du salariat s'est accentué. Toutes ces transformations portent la marque de l'élévation de l'activité des femmes qui, abandonnant l'entreprise familiale, agricole ou artisanale, occupent de plus en plus souvent des emplois salariés. La seconde partie, passant en revue chacune des catégories socioprofessionnelles, des agriculteurs aux cadres supérieurs, précise le contenu et la signification des grandes évolutions mises à jour. Est-il pertinent, pour décrire la croissance des effectifs des employés et des cadres moyens et supérieurs, de les regrouper dans un ensemble dit « tertiaire »? Les frontières entre les différentes catégories se sont-elles obscurcies ou au contraire précisées? En quoi le remodelage de la population active a-t-il été facilité voire accéléré par l'augmentation du travail féminin salarié? [spa] La extension del salariado - Entre 1968 y 1975, las transformaciones intervenidas entre la poblacion económicamente activa se realizaron en conformidad con las pasadas tendencias; tal es la primera ensenanza que se desprende del censo de la poblacion llevado a efecto en febrero de 1975. La primera parte de este artículo, la que intenta suministrar un bosquejo de las evoluciones, destaca hasta que punto algunos movimientos se fueron accelerando durante los pasados anos en comparación con los ritmos anteriores; en primer lugar, la merma rapidísima de los agricultores asi como de los patronos y de los comerciantes o de los trabajadores familiares; también y al contrario, el salariado se fué extendiendo. Todas esas transformaciones llevan la serial de la extension de la actividad de las mujeres, las que al abandonar la empresa familiar, agrícola o artesanal, desempenan mas y mas cargos asalariados. La segunda parte, la que examina cada una de las categorías sociales y profesionales, desde agricultores y hasta cuadros superiores, precisa el contenido y significado de las mayores evoluciones actualizadas. ¿ Es oportuno, con objeto de definir el incremento del numéro de empleados y de cuadros medios y superiores, agruparlos dentro de un con junto denominado «terciario» ? ¿ Se obscurecieron los limites entre las diversas categorías o por lo contrario aparecen con mayor claridad? ¿Por donde el reajuste de la poblacion activa viose facilitado e incluso accelerado a razon del incremento del trabajo femenino asalariado? [eng] The First result of the population census of February, 1975, is that, between 1968 and 1975 the transformations in the labor force showed a continuation of past tendencies. The first part of this article gives a broad overview of the changes which have taken place and emphasizes how greatly certain tendencies have accelerated over these past few years as compared with the previous situation. Firstly, there has been an extremely rapid decrease in the number of farmers, as well as of owners of businesses and merchants and family labor; salaried labor, on the contrary, has grown correspondingly. All these changes clearly reflect the increased activity of women who more and more frequently are giving up the family — farm or trade — business in order to take a salaried job. The second part of the article reviews the full range of socio-professional categories, from farmers to senior executives, and gives an analysis and interpretation of the overall evolution of the labor force in the light of the latest statistical data. Is it relevant to describe the growth of office staff and middle and high level executives by grouping them together into a single « tertiary » sector? Is the borderline between the different categories made more or less clear by such distinctions? In what way have changes in the labor force been facilitated or accelerated by the increase in the salaried labor of women?

Suggested Citation

  • Laurent Thévenot, 1977. "Les catégories sociales en 1975 : l'extension du salariat," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 91(1), pages 3-31.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1977_num_91_1_3122
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1977.3122
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1977.3122
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