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Le financement de 600 entreprises françaises entre 1966 et 1970

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  • Jean-François David
  • François Mader

Abstract

[fre] Le financement de 600 entreprises françaises entre 1966 et 1970 par Jean-François DAVID et François MADER . Le Ve Plan français, préparé vers 1964, et couvrant la période 1966-1970, avait fortement insisté sur le renforcement de la capacité concurrentielle de l'économie française, par des investissements soutenus, et sur la nécessité de faciliter l'autofinancement de ces investissements, seul susceptible de garantir la solidité financière des firmes françaises. . Or, un échantillon constant de 603 entreprises couvrant cette période, et réalisant 11 % de la valeur ajoutée de l'industrie française, a pu être constitué par la centrale des bilans du Crédit national. Les tableaux de financement de ces 603 firmes, suivis pendant cinq ans, montrent une nette coupure en 1968 dans le déroulement du V* Plan. L'effort d'investissement, très poussé dans la deuxième période, a été permis en particulier par une rentabilité très accrue. Mais l'autofinancement n'a pas suffi à financer ces équipements nouveaux, et un important endettement, notamment à court terme, a quelque peu réduit l'indépendance des entreprises, sans nuire toutefois à leur gestion, et a accru le poids des charges financières. Les actionnaires, pour leur part, ont peu participé à cet effort. . Le taux d'autofinancement, en baisse entre 1968 et 1970, n'apparaît plus comme la variable-clé de la stratégie économique : la diversification des moyens de financement d'un investissement en forte croissance est une nécessité inéluctable.. Par ailleurs, de nettes différences de comportements financiers apparaissent entre les petites et les grandes firmes, ainsi qu'entre les secteurs produisant des biens d'équipement, des biens intermédiaires, ou des biens de consommation traditionnels. [eng] Financing of 600 French firms between 1966 and 1970 by Jean-François DAVID and François MADER . The Vth French Plan, made ready towards 1964, which covered the period comprised between 1966 and 1970, stressed greatly upon strengthening competitive capacity of French economy by means of sustained investments and upon the necessity of making easier self-financing of these investments, only means liable to secure French firms soundness. . It has therefore been possible for Centrale des bilans du Crédit national to constitute a constant sample of 603 firms covering this period and materializing 11 % of French industry's value added. The financing tables of the 603 above-mentioned firms, followed up during five years, show a clear cut in 1968 in the Vth Plan unfolding. Investment's effort highly impulsed during the second period, became possible especially on account of greatly increased profitability. But self-financing was not sufficient for financing these new equipments, and an important indebtedness, in particular at short-term, has slightly reduced firms' independence, though it did not prejudice their management, and has increased the financial charges' burden. Shareholders, as far as they are concerned, have scarcely shared this effort. Self-financing rate, in decrease between 1968 and 1970, does no longer appear as the key variable of economic strategy : the diversification of financing means of a high growth investment is an unavoidable necessity. . In other respects, clear differences in the matter of financial behaviours appear between small and big firms, as well as between sectors which manufacture capital equipment, intermediary goods or traditional consumer goods. [spa] Financiamiento de 600 empresas francesas entre 1966 y 1970 por Jean-François DAVID y François MADER . El V° Plan francés, dispiresto hacia el ano 1964 — el cual abarcaba el perfodo de 1966 a 1970 — instaba rotundamente por la consolidación de la capacidad competidora de la economía francesa, por medio de inversiones sostenidas, y por la necesidad de simplificar el autofinanciamiento de estas inversiones, único apto para garantizar la firmeza financiera de las empresas francesas. Mas una muestra constante de 603 empresas, la cual cubre el antecitado perfodo y realiza un 11 % del valor anadido de la industria francesa, pudo ser constitufda por la Central de los Balances del Crédito nacional. Los cuadros del financiamiento de las 603 susodichas empresas, observados durante cinco anos, revelan claramente una cortadura en 1968 en el desarrollo del Plan. El esfuerzo de inversion sumamente activado durante el segundo perfodo, fué factible a razón, especialmente, de una rentabilidad sumamente acrecentada. Mas el autofinanciamiento no bastó para financiar estos nuevos equipamientos, y un adeudo importante, en particular a corto plazo, aminoró algo la independencia de las empresas, sin perjudicar todavez su gestion e incrementó el peso de las cargas financieras. Los accionistas, por la parte que les toca, tuvieron poca participación en dicho esfuerzo. . El coeficiente de autofinanciamiento, decreciente entre 1968 y 1970, ya no aparece como la variable-clave de la estrategía económica : la diversificación de los medios de financiamiento de una inversion en fuerte crecimiento constituye una necesidad ineluctable. . Aparte de eso, aparecen claramente desemejanzas entre actitudes financieras de pequenas y de grandes empresas, asf como entre los sectores que producen bienes de equipo, bienes intermediarios o bienes de consumo tradicionales.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-François David & François Mader, 1973. "Le financement de 600 entreprises françaises entre 1966 et 1970," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(1), pages 3-21.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1973_num_47_1_1403
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1973.1403
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1973.1403
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