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Historique de la comptabilité nationale

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  • Alfred Sauvy

Abstract

[eng] The history of national~accounts by Alfred SAUVY . The first reflections on the overall concepts of production and income were those of Vauban and Boisguilbert in France and Petty and King in England: . But it was with François Quesnay and the Physiocrats that a real macro-economic view appeared which brought out the concept of net product and constructed an economic table. On the eve of the Revolution estimates of the national income began to multiply, reflecting both the progress of theory and the intensity of the quarrels about distribution.' Under the Empire, which set up a statistical network, Jean-Baptiste Say was sceptical about calculations of the national income, but his theory of equivalent demand can be regarded as the ancestor of Leontief's input-output table. The July Monarchy was marked by excellent statistical work, i The problem of cyclical crises preoccupied the Liberal thinkers, together with that of the distribution of income. At the end of the century research on forecasting began to assume importance and shortly before the First World War the business of economic forecasting made its appearance in the United States. The War compelled the State to intervene much more intensively in economic life. Considerable cyclical research was undertaken in the United States (Harvard Committee), Germany and Belgium. But France remained on the sidelines, just as it was slow in coming round to Keynes's theories. Since the Second World War, the leeway can be regarded as made up. France is now organically equipped with a National Accounts systems, the successive articulations of which are recalled by the author. [spa] Historial de la contabilidad nacional por Alfred SAUVY . Las primeras reflexiones sobre los conceptos globales de producción y de renta son las de Vauban y de Boisguilbert en Francia, de Petty y de King en Ingleterra. Pero es con François Quesnay y la escuela fisiocrática que aparece una verdadera vision macroeconómica de la que se desprende la noción de producto neto y que elabora un cuadro económico. En vísperas de la Revolución se van multiplicando las evaluaciones de la Renta nacional, lo cual traduce, a la par, los progresos téóricos y la intensidad de las querellas de repartición. . Durante el Imperio, que asienta una red estadistica, Jean-Baptiste Say manifiesta escepticismo hacia los cálculos de la Renta nacional, pero su teoria de las salidas se puede considerar como el antepasado del cuadro de Leontief. La Monarquia de Julio se distingue por óptimos trabajos estadisticos. El problema de las crisis ciclicas preocupa a los investigadores liberales con la cuestión de la repartición de la renta. . A fines del siglo, las indagaciones sobre prevision toman cuerpo y poco antes de la primera guerra mundial, aparece en los Estados Unidos el comercio de la prevision económica. La guerra obliga al Estado a intervenir con mayor intensidad en la vida económica. En los Estados Unidos (Harvard Committee), en Alemania, en Bélgica se llevan a cabo importantes indagaciones coyunturales. Pero Francia se mantiene apartada, asi como vendra tarde a la teoria de Keynes. Pero desde la segunda guerra mundial se puede considerar que ha superado el retraso. Francia se dota orgánicamente de una contabilidad nacional cuyo autor recuerda sus sucesivas articulaciones. [fre] Les premières réflexions sur les concepts globaux de production et de revenu sont celles de Vauban et Boisguilbert en France, de Petty et King en Angleterre. Mais c'est avec François Quesnay et l'école physiocratique qu'apparaît une véritable vision macroéconomique qui dégage la notion de produit net et qui dresse un tableau économique. A la veille de la Révolution se multiplient les évaluations du revenu national, ce qui traduit à la fois les progrès théoriques et l'intensité des querelles de répartition. Sous l'Empire qui met en place un réseau statistique, Jean-Baptiste Say est sceptique à l'égard des calculs du revenu national, mais sa théorie des débouchés peut être considérée comme l'ancêtre du tableau de Léontief. La Monarchie de Juillet est marquée par d'excellents travaux statistiques. Le problème des crises cycliques préoccupe les chercheurs libéraux, avec celui de la répartition du revenu. A la fin du siècle, les recherches sur la prévision prennent corps et peu avant la première guerre mondiale apparaît aux États-Unis le commerce des prévisions économiques. La guerre oblige l'État à intervenir beaucoup plus intensément dans la vie économique. Aux États- Unis (Harvard Committee) en Allemagne, en Belgique sont entreprises d'importantes recherches conjoncturelles. Mais la France reste à l'écart, de même qu'elle ne viendra que tardivement à la théorie de Keynes. Depuis la deuxième guerre le retard peut être considéré comme comblé. La France se dote organiquement d'une comptabilité nationale dont l'auteur rappelle les articulations successives.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfred Sauvy, 1970. "Historique de la comptabilité nationale," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(1), pages 19-32.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1970_num_14_1_1964
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1970.1964
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1970.1964
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