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Épargne et patrimoine immobilier des ménages

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  • Philippe L'Hardy

Abstract

[spa] Ahorro y patrimonio inmobiliario de los hogares. Los bienes inmobiliarios, y en particular la vivienda de residencia, desempenan un papel primordial en el patrimonio y en la constitución del ahorro de los hogares. La primera encuesta realizada en Francia sobre el particular en 1967, en la que fueron encuestados los hogares cuyo cabeza de familia es asalariado o inactivo (80 % de los hogares) facilita conclusiones patentes : pone de maniflesto el considerable esfuerzo financiero consentido por los hogares al adquirir una vivienda y las modificaciones importantes que intervienen a causa de ello en la estructura de su patrimonio. La inversion inmobiliaria y el endeudamiento que, en la mayorfa de los casos, es sumultáneo, no tienen comparación alguna con las demás imposiciones y endeudamientos. El estudio permite conocer y medir la influencia de los factores principales, los cuales de manera muy sintetica pueden resumirse en dos : . — « ciclo de vida » (el cual esta representado aqul por la edad del cabeza de familia o de hogar) que corresponde a las exigencias en materia de alojamiento : exigencias en alojamiento de los matrimonios jovenes que quieren crear un hogar, y de manera mucho menos aguda, necesidad de mudar de vivienda en la edad del retiro; . — medios de los hogares cuya influencia es, en resumidas cuentas, predominante. Bien es verdad que los emprestitos permiten, en principio, reducir tal infiuencia, pero tan solo parcialmente. [fre] Les biens immobiliers, et tout particulièrement le logement principal, jouent un rôle primordial dans le patrimoine et la constitution d'épargne des ménages. La première enquête sur ce sujet en France a été faite en 1967 auprès des ménages dont le chef est salarié ou inactif (80 % des ménages). Elle met en évidence l'effort financier considérable que les ménages font quand ils acquièrent un logement et la profonde modification qui en résulte dans la structure de leur patrimoine. L'investissement immobilier et l'endettement qui lui est le plus souvent simultané, sont sans commune mesure avec les autres placements et endettements. L'étude permet de reconnaître et de mesurer l'influence des principaux facteurs, que, de façon très synthétique, l'on peut ramener à deux : — le « cycle de vie » (représenté ici par l'âge du chef de ménage) qui correspond aux besoins en logement : besoins en logement des jeunes ménages qui veulent fonder un foyer, et de façon beaucoup moins accentuée, besoin de changer de logement à l'âge de la retraite; — les ressources des ménages, dont l'influence est finalement prépondérante. Certes, l'emprunt permet en principe de la réduire, mais seulement partiellement. [eng] Saving and the immovable assets of households. Immovable property, and above all the principal residence, plays a paramount role in the assets and the constitution of savings of households. The first survey made on this subject in France, among households whose head is a salary or wage-earner or who is not gainfully employed (80 % of households) leads to the following striking conclusions; . it highlights the considerable financial effort which households make when they acquire a residence and the radical change which results in the pattern of their assets. The investment in immovable property and the indebtedness which normally accompagnies it are out of all proportion with other investments and indebtedness. The survey brings out, and makes it possible to measure, the influence of the principal factors which can, very summarily, be brought down to two : . — the « life cycle » (represented here by the age of the head of household), which corresponds to housing needs; the housing needs of young households which want to found a home, and, much less accentuated, the need to change residence at retirement age; . — the resources of households, the Influence of which is finally predominant. It is true that borrowing makes it possible to reduce this influence in principle, but only partially.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe L'Hardy, 1970. "Épargne et patrimoine immobilier des ménages," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 3-11.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1970_num_13_1_2233
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1970.2233
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1970.2233
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