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Convergence monétaire européenne, PPA et PINC

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  • Hélène Chevrou-Séverac

Abstract

[fre] Dans la lignée des travaux de Frankel (1979) et de Froot et Rogoff (1995), nous proposons un modèle plus général de détermination de l'inflation nationale de long terme qui lie les hypothèses de parité des pouvoirs d''achat (PPA) relative '' faible'' et de parité de taux d'intérêt non couverte (PINC). À partir de ce modèle, nous cherchons à déterminer si, d'une part, la convergence monétaire au sens de Maastricht qui lie ces variables entre elles a eu lieu et, d''autre part, si la réalisation de cette convergence entraîne la vérification des hypothèses de PPA et de PINC. Étant donné qu'aussi bien la convergence maastrichtienne que la PPA semblent être des relations économiques de long terme, nous utilisons la cointégration fractionnaire pour tester ces relations. La cointégration fractionnaire nous permet de déterminer, d'une part, si la convergence vers un équilibre de long terme a eu lieu et, d''autre part, à quelle vitesse le système économique revient vers cet équilibre à la suite d'un choc exogène. Après avoir précisé la définition de la cointégration fractionnaire et donné une interprétation économique de cette méthode, nous l''appliquons à trois couples de pays participants à l'Union Monétaire Européenne. Nous montrons que la convergence monétaire ''maastrichtienne'' a eu lieu pour les Pays-Bas et la France vis-à-vis de l'Allemagne. Nous concluons en faveur de la PPA relative et de la PINC dans leur forme faible entre les Pays-Bas et l'Allemagne. La vitesse de convergence au sens de Maastricht avec l'Allemagne est rapide pour les Pays-Bas et plus lente pour la France. Dans le cas de l'Italie vis-à-vis de l'Allemagne, il semble qu'il n'y ait pas eu de convergence. [eng] European Monetary Convergence, PPP and UIRP.. Building on the work of Frankel (1979) and Froot & Rogoff (1995), this article proposes a more general model to determine long-term national inflation. It combines the assumptions underlying "weak" relative purchasing power parity (PPP) with those underlying the uncovered interest rate parity (UIRP). Using this model, we endeavour to determine, first, whether monetary convergence -within the meaning of the Maastricht Treaty -linking these variables has occurred and, secondly, whether achievement of such convergence bears out the PPP and UIRP assumptions. Since Maastricht-based convergence and PPP both appear to be long-term economic relations, we are using the fractional cointegration to test these relations. Fractional cointegration allows us to determine, first, whether convergence towards a long-term equilibrium has occurred and, secondly, at which speed the economic system returns to this equilibrium after an exogenous shock. After defining fractional cointegration and giving an economic interpretation of this method, we apply it to three pairs of "in" countries. We show that the Netherlands and France have achieved monetary convergence with Germany within the meaning of the Maastricht Treaty. Weconclude that the weak form of PPP and UIRP is working between the Netherlands and Germany. The speed of Maastricht-based convergence with Germany is fast for the Netherlands and slower for France. Italy does not appear to have converged with Germany.

Suggested Citation

  • Hélène Chevrou-Séverac, 2002. "Convergence monétaire européenne, PPA et PINC," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 155(4), pages 79-94.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2002_num_155_4_6871
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2002.6871
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2002.6871
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