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La situation de l'emploi en France face aux échanges internationaux

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  • Stéphane Guimbert
  • François Lévy-Bruhl

Abstract

[fre] L’évaluation de l’effet des échanges internationaux sur l’emploi reste controversée. Pourtant, la méthode de la balance en emplois, intuitive dans son objectif, simple dans son calcul, paraît plus immédiate qu’une analyse des prix des échanges ou qu’une évaluation en équilibre général. Cette simplicité n’est qu’apparente car l’idée selon laquelle on pourrait ajouter ou soustraire des emplois à une économie en l’ouvrant ou en la fermant sur l’extérieur est captieuse. Cet article présente quelques éléments d’interprétation théorique d’une balance en emplois et discute empiriquement certaines des hypothèses qui sous-tendent son calcul. Dans le cadre statique de cette méthode et en période d’excédent commercial, les effets de mondialisation qui transitent par les échanges commerciaux sont d’ampleur limitée, globalement favorables à l’emploi en France, mais défavorables aux personnes les moins qualifiées. [eng] Evaluating the impact of international trade on employment remains controversial. However, the employment balance method, intuitive in purpose and simple to use, appears to be more direct than a trade-price analysis or a general equilibrium assessment. This simplicity is only apparent, since the idea that jobs can be added to or removed from an economy by opening it up or closing it to foreign trade is specious. This paper outlines some elements of a theoretical interpretation of the employment balance and discusses empirically some of the assumptions underlying its calculation. With the static framework of this method and in a period of trade surplus the impact of globalisation through trade is limited in scope, generally promoting employment in France but disadvantageous to unskilled workers.

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  • Stéphane Guimbert & François Lévy-Bruhl, 2002. "La situation de l'emploi en France face aux échanges internationaux," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 152(1), pages 189-206.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2002_num_152_1_6374
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2002.6374
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2002.6374
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    3. Quentin Perrier & Philippe Quirion, 2017. "La transition énergétique est-elle favorable aux branches à fort contenu en emploi ? Une analyse input-output pour la France," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 127(5), pages 851-887.
    4. Quentin Perrier & Philippe Quirion, 2016. "La transition énergétique est-elle favorable aux branches à fort contenu en emploi ? Une approche input-output pour la France," Policy Papers 2016.02, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.

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