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Formation sur le tas et rendements de l'expérience : un modèle de diffusion du savoir

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  • Louis Lévy-Garboua

Abstract

[spa] Formación adquirida en el terreno y rendimientos de la experiencia: un modelo de difusión del saber, . por Louis Lévy-Garboua.. . Se hace destacar que las funciones de ganancias mincerianas no derivan de un proceso de optimización y que la interpretación de los hechos se apoya exageradamente en hipótesis (duración de vida finita, depreciación del capital humano, formación específica) que limitan su alcance. Como la formación de terreno constituye el eslabón mas fragil de la teoría, se propone un modelo de formación de estas características mediante la difusión del saber, lo que permite eludir las hipótesis evocadas anteriormente.La formación de terreno aparece en este caso limitada por el saber incorporado en la empresa y dictaminada por esta última a sus empleados en vez de ser libremente elegida por ellos. Por consiguiente,la formación de terreno no résulta de un proceso de maximización de la riqueza humana por el empleado sino que está determinada por otro proceso que implica la difusión del saber.Se puede demostrar entonces, que el rendimiento marginal de la experiencia decrece mucho más rápido que lo que supone el empleo de la función cuadrática, dependiendo además del saber relativo de la empresa respecto del trabajador que llega. En este modelo, la formación de terreno decrece siempre con la experiencia y tiende a cero, aunque el horizonte sea infinito, la depreciación del capital humano nula y sus rendimientos constantes. [ger] Die Ausbildung am Arbeitsplatz und der Ertrag der Erfahrung: ein Modell der Wissensvermittlung, . von Louis Lévy-Garboua.. . Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die mincerischen Gewinnfiinktionen sich nicht aus einem Optimierungsprozeß ableiten und daß die Interpretierung der Tatsachen in zu hohem Maße auf Hypothesen (endliche Lebensdauer, Wertverlust des Humankapitals, besondere Ausbildung) beruht, die deren Tragweite mindern. Da die Ausbildung am Arbeitsplatz die Schwachstelle in der Théorie darstellt, wird ein Modell der Ausbildung am Arbeitsplatz durch Wissensvermittlung vorgeschlagen, das diese Hypothesen beiseite läßt. Die Ausbildung am Arbeitsplatz wird bier durch das Wissen, das im Unternehmen vorhanden ist, begrenzt und wird den Beschäftigten von letzterem eher vorgeschrieben als von diesen frei gewählt. Folglich wird sie durch den Prozeß der Wissensvermittlung innerhalb des Unternehmens bestimmt und ergibt sich nicht aus einem Prozeß der Maximierang seines Humanvermögens durch den Beschäftigten. Man kann somit aufzeigen, daß der Grenzertrag der Erfahrung viel schneller abnimmt, als die Verwendung der quadratischen Funktion vermuten läßt, und daß er vom relativen Wissen innerhalb des Unternehmens im Verhaltnis zum neu eingestellten Arbeitnehmer abhängt. Der Grenzertrag der Erfahrung ist auch an den Grad der Wissensvermittlung gebunden. In diesem Modell nimmt die Ausbildung am Arbeitsplatz immer mit der Erfahrung ab und neigt gegen Null, obwohl der Horizont unendlich und der Wertverlust des Humankapitals Null ist und dessen Erträge konstant bleiben. [eng] On-the-Job Training and the Return on Experience: A Model of Skills Dissemination, . by Louis Lévy-Garboua.. . This paper points out that Mincerian gains functions do not result from an optimization process and that the interpretation of the facts is based too much on hypotheses (length of finite life, depreciation of human capital and specific training), which diminish the scope. As on-the-job training is the weak link in the theory, we propose a model of on-the-job training through skills dissemination. This model removes the need for the hypotheses. The model limits on-the-job training to the skills contained in the company, which are dictated to the employees by the company rather than chosen freely by the employees. Consequently, instead of emanating from the employee's optimization of his human assets, training is determined by the dissemination of the company's skills. It is therefore shown that the marginal return on experience decreases a lot faster than the quadratic function would suggest and that it is dependent on the relative skills of the company in relation to the new employee. The marginal return on experience is also linked to the rate of skills dissemination. In this model, on-the-job training always decreases with experience and tends towards zero, even though the time scale is infinite, the depreciation in human capital is zero and its returns are constant. [fre] Formation sur le tas et rendements de l'expérience : un modèle de diffusion du savoir, . par Louis Lévy-Garboua.. . On fait remarquer que les fonctions de gains mincériennes ne dérivent pas d'un processus d'optimisation et que l'interprétation des faits repose exagérément sur des hypothèses (durée de vie finie, dépréciation du capital humain, formation spécifique) qui en affaiblissent la portée. La formation sur le tas étant le maillon faible de la théorie, on propose un modèle de formation sur le tas par diffusion du savoir qui s'affranchit de ces hypothèses. La formation sur le tas y est limitée par le savoir incorporé dans l'entreprise et dictée par cette dernière à ses employés plutôt que choisie librement par eux. Au lieu, par conséquent, de découler d'un processus de maximisation de sa richesse humaine par l'employé, elle est déterminée par le processus de diffusion du savoir de l'entreprise. On parvient alors à montrer que le rendement marginal de l'expérience décroît beaucoup plus rapidement que l'usage de la fonction quadratique ne le suppose, et qu'il dépend du savoir relatif de l'entreprise par rapport au travailleur entrant. Le rendement marginal de l'expérience est aussi relié au taux de diffusion du savoir. Dans ce modèle, la formation sur le tas décroît toujours avec l'expérience et tend vers zéro, bien que l'horizon soit infini, la dépréciation du capital humain nulle et ses rendements constants.

Suggested Citation

  • Louis Lévy-Garboua, 1994. "Formation sur le tas et rendements de l'expérience : un modèle de diffusion du savoir," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 116(5), pages 79-88.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1994_num_116_5_5700
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1994.5700
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1994.5700
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Guillaume Destré & Louis Lévy-Garboua & Michel Sollogoub, 2005. "On-the-job learning and earnings," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques bla05022, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    3. Guillaume Destré, 2003. "Fonctions de gains et diffusion du savoir : une estimation sur données françaises appariées," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 158(2), pages 89-104.
    4. Baccouche, Rafik & Bouoiyour, Jamal & Hatem, M’Henni & Mouley, Sami, 2008. "Dynamique des investissements, mutations sectorielles et convertibilité du compte de capital : impacts des mesures de libéralisation et expériences comparées Tunisie - Maroc [Dynamics of investment," MPRA Paper 38148, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Guillaume Destré, 2005. "Une mesure économétrique de la formation par les autres au sein de l'entreprise," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques bla05021, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).

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