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Modèles de déséquilibre et échanges extérieurs : deux approches appliquées au secteur industriel français

Author

Listed:
  • Frank Amalric
  • Alain Gubian
  • Pierre-Alain Muet

Abstract

[eng] Disequilibrium models and external exchanges : two studies with applications to the . French manufacturing sector, . by Frank Amalric, Alain Gubian, Pierre-Alain Muet.. . This paper analyses the respective impact of supply and demand on manufacturing production and foreign trade in two different ways. The first part presents an estimated global disequilibrium model for the manufacturing sector, taking into account the impact of foreign trade and inventory changes in the reduction of disequilibria between notional internal supply and notional internal demand. As an indication of disequilibria, the estimation procedure uses the percentage of firms which cannot increase their production because of a lack of equipment, skilled workers or raw materials (bottlenecks series drawn from the French quarterly business surveys). The second part presents an estimated disequilibrium model of the French manufacturing exports. Both models conclude that, since the first oil shock, price competitiveness and world demand remained the major factors explaining the evolution of industrials exports, even if the lack of production capacities may have constrained export growth during some periods of recovery. [spa] Modelos de desequilibrio e intercambios exteriores : dos enfoques aplicados al sector industrial francés, . por Frank Amalric, Alain Gubian y Pierre-Alain Muet.. . En el presente artículo se estudia el papel que desempeñan respectivamente la oferta y la demanda para determinar la producción y los intercambios exteriores de productos manufacturados en dos direcciones independientes. En la primera parte se présenta la estimación de un modelo completo de desequilibrio del sector industrial que pone de relieve la importancia del comercio exterior y de las variaciones de stocks para suprimir los desequilibrios, evaluados en base al porcentaje de empresas que no pueden aumentar su producción debido a la insuficiencia de equipos, de mano de obra cualificada o de aprovisionamientos. En la segunda parte se présenta la estimación de un modelo de desequilibrio aplicado a las exportaciones industriales. Ambos estudios Ilegan a la conclusión que, desde la primera crisis petrolera, la competitividad-precio y la demanda mundial siguen siendo los principales factores que determinan la evolución de las exportaciones industriales de Francia, salvo en los breves períodos de reactivación durante los cuales la insuficiencia de los medios de producción pudo limitar la capacidad de exportación. [fre] Modèles de déséquilibre et échanges extérieurs : deux approches appliquées au . secteur industriel français, . par Frank Amalric, Alain Gubian, Pierre-Alain Muet.. . Cet article étudie le rôle respectif de l'offre et de la demande dans la détermination de la production et des échanges extérieurs de produits manufacturés dans deux directions indépendantes. La première partie présente l'estimation d'un modèle complet de déséquilibre du secteur industriel mettant en évidence le rôle du commerce extérieur et des variations de stocks dans la résorption des déséquilibres, mesurés par le pourcentage d'entreprises ne pouvant produire davantage par suite d'une insuffisance d'équipements, de main-d'oeuyre qualifiée ou d'approvisionnements. La seconde partie présente l'estimation d'un modèle de déséquilibre appliqué aux exportations industrielles. La conclusion commune aux deux études est que, depuis le premier choc pétrolier, la compétitivité-prix et la demande mondiale restent les principaux déterminants de l'évolution des exportations industrielles de la France, à l'exception de brèves périodes de reprise où l'insuffisance des capacités de production a pu limiter la capacité d'exportations. [ger] Ungleichgewichtsmodelle und Aussenhandel : zwei auf den französischen Industriesektor angewandte Ansatze, . von Frank Amalric, Alain Gubian, Pierre-Alain Muet.. . Dieser Artikel behandelt die wechselseitige Rolle von Angebot und Nachfrage in der Abschätzung der Produktion und des Aussenhandels mit Fertigprodukten in zwei voneinander unabhängigen Richtungen. Der erste Teil stellt die Schätzung eines vollständigen Ungleichgewichtsmodells im Industriesektor vor und hebt dabei die Rolle des Aussenhandels und der Vorratsveränderungen für den Ausgleich der Ungleichgewichte hervor, die mittels desjenigen Prozentsatzes von Unternehmen gemessen werden, die infolge unzureichender Ausstattungen und Bestände sowie in Ermangeiung quaiifizierter Arbeitskräfte die Produktion nicht steigern konnten. Der zweite Teil stellt die Schätzung eines Ungleichgewichtsmodells vor, das auf die Ausfuhr im Industriesektor angewandt wird. Aus beiden Untersuchungen kann die gemeinsame Schlussfolgerung gezogen werden, dass seit dem ersten Ölschock die preismässige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und die weltweite Nachfrage weiterhin als die wichtigsten Bestimmungsgrôssen der französischen Exportwirtschaft im Industriesektor angesehen werden kônnen, mit Ausnahme der kurzen konjunkturellen Wiederbelebungsphasen, in denen die unzureichenden Produktionskapazitäten das Ausfuhrvolumen möglicherweise begrenzt haben.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank Amalric & Alain Gubian & Pierre-Alain Muet, 1990. "Modèles de déséquilibre et échanges extérieurs : deux approches appliquées au secteur industriel français," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 94(3), pages 129-140.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1990_num_94_3_5182
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1990.5182
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1990.5182
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian Vasseur & Henri Sterdyniak, 1984. "L'utilisation des enquêtes de conjoncture pour modéliser et prévoir la production industrielle," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 7(1), pages 171-187.
    2. Laroque, Guy & Salanie, Bernard, 1989. "Estimation of Multi-market Fix-Price Models: An Application of Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(4), pages 831-860, July.
    3. Sneessens, H. & Dreze, J., 1985. "A discussion of Belgian unemployment, combining traditional concepts and disequilibrium econometrics," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 1985040, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    4. Laroque, Guy, 1989. "Comparative estimates of a macroeconomic disequilibrium model: France, Germany, the U.K. and the U.S.A," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 963-988, May.
    5. Patrick Artus & Sanvi Avouyi-Dovi & Jean-Pierre Laffargue, 1987. "Un modèle économétrique de déséquilibre à deux secteurs et son apport à l'analyse des politiques économiques," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(1), pages 211-236.
    6. Sneessens, Henri R & Dreze, Jacques H, 1986. "A Discussion of Belgian Unemployment, Combining Traditional Concepts and Disequilibrium Econometrics," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 53(210(S)), pages 89-119, Supplemen.
    7. repec:cor:louvrp:-619 is not listed on IDEAS
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    1. Hélène Erkel-Rousse, 1992. "Les performances extérieures de la France et de l'Allemagne : l'effet de l'investissement sur la compétitivité," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 253(1), pages 35-47.

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