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Le néolibéralisme comme programme de recherche et comme idéologie

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  • Maurice Lagueux

Abstract

[fre] Économie néo-libérale et économie néo-classique se distinguent par la priorité accordée respectivement à deux orientations opposées qui cohabitent au sein même de la pensée libérale, soit la valorisation du laissez-faire et la volonté d'ajuster l'économie réelle aux exigences d'une théorie idéalisée du marché. L'examen de quatre exemples (politiques sur la concurrence, théorie du bien-être, théorie des externali- tés et intervention macroéconomique) permet de dégager les caractères propres du programme de recherche néo-libéral lequel postule que la théorie du marché peut permettre de rendre compte des marchés tels qu'ils sont. Une telle reconnaissance des dimensions scientifiques du noé-libéralisme ne signifie toutefois pas qu'on ait tord de voir en celui-ci un puissant véhicule idéologique mais, bien au contraire, permet de comprendre comme il peut exercer une telle fonction. [eng] The opposition within the liberal tradition between a commitment to laissez-faire and a tendency to reshape actual markets along the lines suggested by an idealized market theory may serve to distinguish sharply neo-liberal and neo-classical economics. Four examples (competition policies, welfare analysis, theory of externalities and macroeconomic intervention) may help to illustrate the peculiarities of the neo-liberal scientific research programme which postulates that actual markets can be analyzed fairly well with the help of a market theory. Far from disculping neo- liberalism from the accusation of being a vehicle for ideology, such an acknowledgment of its scientific dimension help to understand how this ideological function may work powerfully.

Suggested Citation

  • Maurice Lagueux, 1989. "Le néolibéralisme comme programme de recherche et comme idéologie," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(1), pages 129-152.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1989_num_16_1_1080
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1989.1080
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1989.1080
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