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Does Human Migration Affect International Trade? A Complex-Network Perspective

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  • Giorgio Fagiolo
  • Marina Mastrorillo

Abstract

This paper explores the relationships between international human migration and merchandise trade using a complex-network approach. We firstly compare the topological structure of worldwide networks of human migration and bilateral trade over the period 1960–2000. Next, we ask whether pairs of countries that are more central in the migration network trade more. We show that: (i) the networks of international migration and trade are strongly correlated, and such correlation can be mostly explained by country economic/demographic size and geographical distance; (ii) centrality in the international-migration network boosts bilateral trade; (iii) intensive forms of country centrality are more trade enhancing than their extensive counterparts. Our findings suggest that bilateral trade between any two countries is not only affected by the presence of migrants from either countries, but also by their relative embeddedness in the complex web of corridors making up the network of international human migration.

Suggested Citation

  • Giorgio Fagiolo & Marina Mastrorillo, 2014. "Does Human Migration Affect International Trade? A Complex-Network Perspective," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(5), pages 1-20, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0097331
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097331
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    1. World Bank, 2013. "World Development Indicators 2013," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13191, December.
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    2. Rodolfo Metulini & Massimo Riccaboni & Paolo Sgrignoli & Zhen Zhu, 2017. "The Indirect Effects of FDI on Trade: A Network Perspective," Working Papers 04/2017, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, revised Mar 2017.
    3. Lillo, Felipe & García, Leidy & Santander, Valentín, 2017. "Dynamics of global remittances: A graph-based analysis," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 64-71.
    4. Rodolfo Metulini & Paolo Sgrignoli & Stefano Schiavo & Massimo Riccaboni, 2018. "The network of migrants and international trade," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 35(3), pages 763-787, December.
    5. Zhang, Xiaohang & Cui, Huiyuan & Zhu, Ji & Du, Yu & Wang, Qi & Shi, Wenhua, 2017. "Measuring the dissimilarity of multiplex networks: An empirical study of international trade networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 467(C), pages 380-394.
    6. Garas, Antonios & Lapatinas, Athanasios & Poulios, Konstantinos, 2015. "The complex-network based relation between migration and FDI in the OECD," MPRA Paper 68341, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Kadir KARAGÖZ, 2016. "Migration – trade nexus revisited: Empirical evidence from Turkish emigrants in OECD countries," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(4(609), W), pages 127-142, Winter.
    8. Sgrignoli, Paolo & Metulini, Rodolfo & Schiavo, Stefano & Riccaboni, Massimo, 2015. "The relation between global migration and trade networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 417(C), pages 245-260.
    9. Gao, Cuixia & Tao, Simin & He, Yuyang & Su, Bin & Sun, Mei & Mensah, Isaac Adjei, 2021. "Effect of population migration on spatial carbon emission transfers in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    10. Antonios Garas & Athanasios Lapatinas & Konstantinos Poulios, 2016. "The Relation Between Migration And Fdi In The Oecd From A Complex Network Perspective," Advances in Complex Systems (ACS), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(06n07), pages 1-20, September.
    11. Luis E C Rocha & Petter Holme & Claudio D G Linhares, 2022. "The global migration network of sex-workers," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 969-985, May.
    12. Amir Maghssudipour & Annalisa Caloffi & Marco Bellandi & Letizia Donati, 2022. "Language as a regional driver of the trade of place-sensitive products: The case of made-in-Italy goods," Working Papers - Economics wp2022_09.rdf, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa.
    13. Albert Millogo & Ines Trojette, 2020. "Pro-trade effects of MENA immigrants in France: does governance matter?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(4), pages 3219-3230.
    14. A. Baronchelli & T.E. Uberti, 2018. "Exports and FDI: comparing networks in the new millennium," Working Paper CRENoS 201813, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
    15. Bulawayo, Maio & Mudenda, Dale & Ndulo, Manenga & Simwanza, Charles, 2020. "Does Immigration Stimulate Non-Traditional Exports? Evidence from Zambia," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 8(3), November.
    16. Naqvi, Asjad & Monasterolo, Irene, 2019. "Natural Disasters, Cascading Losses, and Economic Complexity: A Multi-layer Behavioral Network Approach," Ecological Economic Papers 24, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    17. Kadir KARAGÖZ, 2016. "Migration – trade nexus revisited: Empirical evidence from Turkish emigrants in OECD countries," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(4(609), W), pages 127-142, Winter.
    18. Davide Provenzano, 2020. "The migration–tourism nexus in the EU28," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(8), pages 1374-1393, December.
    19. Ovielt Baltodano L'opez & Roberto Casarin, 2022. "A Dynamic Stochastic Block Model for Multi-Layer Networks," Papers 2209.09354, arXiv.org.
    20. Josef Novotny & Jiri Hasman, 2015. "The Emergence of Regional Immigrant Concentrations in USA and Australia: A Spatial Relatedness Approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    21. Filippo Santi & Giorgia Giovannetti & Margherita Velucchi, 2021. "Migrants know better: Migrants' networks and FDI," Working Papers - Economics wp2021_17.rdf, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa.
    22. Alper Duman, 2016. "Inter-city Trade Networks in Turkey: Shocks and Spillovers," EcoMod2016 9578, EcoMod.
    23. Mihaela Peres & Helian Xu & Gang Wu, 2016. "Community Evolution in International Migration Top1 Networks," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, February.
    24. Berezka Kateryna & Kovalchuk Olha, 2019. "Modelling Factors Connected with the Effect of International Migration for Security and Economy," Econometrics. Advances in Applied Data Analysis, Sciendo, vol. 23(4), pages 30-42, December.
    25. Rodolfo Metulini & Massimo Riccaboni & Paolo Sgrignoli & Zhen Zhu, 2017. "The indirect effects of foreign direct investment on trade: A network perspective," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(10), pages 2193-2225, October.

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